粤港澳大湾区风暴潮时空分布特征及影响因素
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P731.2

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广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B111101002);广东省软科学研究计划(2018B020207004);粤港水安全保障联合实验室基金(2020B1212030005);广东省水动力学应用研究重点实验室开放研究基金(gdsky[2018]001)


Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing mechanisms of storm surge in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area
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    摘要:

    基于1970—2018年珠江口潮位站历史潮位资料,结合风暴潮数值模拟结果,统计分析了粤港澳大湾区风暴潮的时空分布特征并探讨了风暴潮增水影响机理。结果表明:在空间分布上,伶仃洋、狮子洋、前航道等区域出现较大增水的频率较高,与该区域特殊的地理位置及伶仃洋河口湾漏斗状形态产生的能量辐聚有关,增水极值与台风登陆地点和台风强度均有关系;风暴潮发生时间主要集中在7—9月,占全年总次数的74.4%;影响粤港澳大湾区的强台风以上级别的台风频次增加趋势明显,各站点历年最高潮位呈增加趋势,平均速率为0.02~0.03m/a;台风路径对风暴潮增水的空间分布有较大影响,当台风在大湾区西岸登陆,距离台风登陆点约2.5倍最大风速半径的位置可产生较大的增水值;最大增水随着台风中心压强的降低而升高,中心压强每下降10hPa,最大增水值上升0.4~1.1m;当台风移动速度接近8.3m/s,珠江口形成较为稳定的风暴潮水位梯度,产生较大的风暴潮增水。

    Abstract:

    Based on historical tidal data from tide gauge stations in the Pearl River Estuary from 1970 to 2018 and the storm surge simulation results, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing mechanisms of storm surge in the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area were analyzed. The results show that high surges frequently occurred in the Lingdingyang, Shiziyang, and front navigation route areas, which was related to the special geographical position of the region and energy convergence due to the funnel shape of the Lingdingyang Estuary. Surge extremes were affected by the landfall position and strength of typhoons. Storm surges mainly occurred in July, August and September, accounting for 74.4% of the total of the year. The frequency of severe typhoons affecting the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area increased significantly, and the extreme tide level at each station showed an increasing trend year by year, with an average rate of 0.02 to 0.03m/a. The typhoon track greatly influenced the spatial distribution of storm surge, and the location about 2.5 times the radius of the maximum wind speed from the typhoon landfall position can produce a large storm surge value when the landfall position was on the west coast of the Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area. The maximum surge value increased with the decrease of pressure at the typhoon center, with a rate of about 0.4 to 1.1m surge increment for each 10hPa decrease of pressure. When the typhoon speed was up to 8.3m/s, a relatively stable gradient of water level could be formed in the Pearl River Estuary, leading to a high storm surge.

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罗志发,黄本胜,邱静,等.粤港澳大湾区风暴潮时空分布特征及影响因素[J].水资源保护,2022,38(3):72-79.(LUO Zhifa, HUANG Bensheng, QIU Jing, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing mechanisms of storm surge in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Water Resources Protection,2022,38(3):72-79.(in Chinese))

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-05-20
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