Tree ring width chronology of Picea schrenkiana is constructed based on the cores collected from alpine forest in Aksu River upper reaches. Combined with the data of Aksu River main stream runoff, the relationship between the long-term growth of Picea schrenkiana and Aksu River main stream runoff is analyzed and the winter runoff of Aksu River in 1813-2015 is reconstructed. The results show that: the simulated data of reconstructed Aksu River main stream winter runoff in 1813-2015 using tree ring chronology of Picea schrenkiana is rather consistent with the predicted data. The reconstructed sequence is stable and reliable; During 1813-2015, the average winter runoff of the Aksu River main stream was 82.19 m³/s. There were five high flow periods and three low flow periods, in which the longest low flow period lasted 17 a(1943-1959); Aksu River main stream winter runoff has a periodic variation of 51 a, 29 a and 16 a. The 51 a is the first main cycle of the runoff.