Aiming at the problem of optimal maintenance of water supply network in the case of failure of water supply network, three stages of optimal maintenance of water supply network are systematically summarized. Three basic theories of optimal maintenance of water supply network are put forward: pipeline failure theory, pipeline maintainability theory and optimal decision-making theory. An integrated technical framework for the optimization and maintenance of water supply network for the whole life cycle is established, including data fusion, state identification, measure collection, optimization decision-making and scheme implementation.