According to the estimation formula of flood discharge atomization, and with reference to the atomization range of major hydropower engineering projects such as the Ertan Hydropower Station, we determined the range of the flood discharge atomization of the chosen hydropower station. Based on the main properties of the structural plane of the hydropower station, we determined the potential landslide downstream the left bank of the station. Based on saturated and unsaturated unstable seepage theory, and with consideration of the function of flood discharge atomization, we analyzed the evolution of the uplift pressure on the structural surfaces of the potential landslide, and we propose three protection schemes based on the design scheme. Through comparison of the effects of the three schemes, we have selected the optimum scheme.