In order to scientifically and rationally design excavations, we analyze the deformation and soil pressure distribution of an elliptical excavation support. The results show that there are four soil pressure changing points on the elliptical excavation support, similar active soil pressure and similar positive soil pressure change at these points, and there is a proportional relationship between the similar active soil pressure and similar positive soil pressure, in contrast to the classical theory. According to the distribution modes of soil pressure acting on the elliptical excavation support, we propose three methods for determining the soil pressure.