The effects of wave period，wave height and bubble diameter on the coating erosion were analyzed to study the mechanical erosion factors of the coating on the splash area of pier structure under the impact of low frequency reciprocating wave. Based on the ABAQUS/Standard analysis module，a threedimensional numerical model considering the wave period，wave height and bubble diameter is established to simulate the evolution process of bubble damage at the interface between structure and coating during the wave action. The results show that the relationship between the bubble strain and the influence range at the coating interface and the wave height is linear and positive，and basically independent of the wave period. However，the smaller the period，the faster the wave force acting on the coating interface and the maximum value is reached at half of the period. The strain and influence range increase with the increase of bubble diameter，while the smaller the bubble diameter，the more regular the strain distribution (elliptical shape). The higher the wave height，the shorter the period and the bigger the bubble diameter，the easier the bubble will break and the easier the coating of the pier structure will be stripped.