The large scale pendulum impact test and LS-DYNA numerical model were used to study the effects of different porosity (28%, 42% and 54%) and pore distribution (2.holes, 8 holes, 18 holes, 32 holes and 50 holes) on the cushioning performance of hollow bricks.The results show that the impact force of rolling rock decreases with the increase of the porosity of hollow brick, and the peak value of impact force of rolling rock and the peak value of transfer force of hollow brick buffer layer of 54% porosity hollow brick are reduced by 23% and 46%, respectively, compared to those of 28% porosity hollow brick. The impact force of rolling rock and the transmission force of hollow brick buffer layer decrease with the homogenization of pore distribution. Compared with 2.hole hollow brick, the maximum impact force of 50 hole hollow brick can be reduced by 46% and the transmission force can be reduced by 31%. In addition, the uniform pore structure distribution can effectively increase the transfer force diffusion angle. The transfer force diffusion angle of 50 hole hollow brick is 46% larger than that of 2.hole hollow brick.