Based on the construction advantages of dry connection mode of precast shear wall with high-strength bolts, steel plates and other components, a new type of prefabricated shear wall with the function of friction energy dissipation was proposed. Three shear wall specimens with the scale ratio of 1.54 were designed, and the control parameters were the axial compression ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of edge components. The quasi-static tests were carried out and the results show that the final failure mode of the three specimens are similar, which is the bending-shear failure that diagonal cracks in the wall develop to the concrete spalling in the compression area. The reduction of axial compression ratio or longitudinal reinforcement ratio of edge components have adverse effects on the seismic performance of the new prefabricated shear wall, which is manifested in the weakening of hysteretic performance and the reduction of ultimate bearing capacity. Combined with the finite element analysis results, the five-fold skeleton model and restoring force model of the new prefabricated shear wall were established. The proposed restoring force model is in good agreement with the test results, which can provide reference for the elasto-plastic seismic response analysis of the new prefabricated shear wall.