The existing Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Groundwater Environment (HJ 610-2016) is not clear enough in the identification of environmental impacts, current situation investigation and forecast evaluation in the groundwater environmental impact assessment of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Meanwhile, the prediction of the project’s impact on the groundwater flux and elevation is not covered by this guideline. Combined with the Dianzhong Water Diversion project, based on the characteristics analyzing of water conservancy projects, this paper elaborates the indicators to identify the impacts on groundwater environment in different project stages of water conservancy and hydropower projects, outlines the target types and work priorities of groundwater environment protection in different project stages, and summarizes the difficulties and main technologies of predicting the impacts on the groundwater environment. This paper indicates that the groundwater environmental protection should be carried out in combination with the scope of influence of on-site investigation, exploration, monitoring and engineering identification, and it is better to carry out numerical simulation research in areas with complex groundwater environments. Finally, the specific foothold of the groundwater environmental impact assessment for water conservancy and hydropower projects is given.