In this study, a numerical flume model is established based on the viscous fluid theory and the finite volume method using OpenFOAM, one open-source computing platform, to systematically verify the accuracy and precision of calculation of strong nonlinear wave propagation and wave propagation deformation on submerged embankment topography. The influence law of incident wave amplitude and the slope of submerged breakwater on the wave propagation characteristics is explored. The results show that the numerical flume model accurately simulates the strong nonlinear wave propagation, and the wave surface changes as the wave is spreading through the submerged breakwater. In the case of small wave steepness, the surface wave shape exhibits a good periodicity, and there are phase differences between different slopes, which indicate that if the slope is flatter, the phase is more lagged. In the case of large wave steepness, the wave shapes of different slopes show strongly nonlinear and there are great differences in surface wave shapes due to wave breaking. As wave steepness increases from 0.53% to 3.00%, the mean value of the dimensionless peak-to-valley difference of the wave surface decreases, which indicate that a gradual enhancement of the reflection effect of the submerged breakwater as the wave steepness increases.