Taking the large-diameter rock-socketed monopile as for offshore wind turbine the research object, the nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model of the soil and the damage model of the rock mass are introduced into the finite element model to describe the stiffness attenuation of the soil and the rock with strain. The specific conclusions are as follows: when considering the nonlinear dynamic interaction of pile-soil-rock under the action of dynamic loading from the pile top, the rock embedded at the bottom of the pile can effectively improve the deformation resistance of the pile, and the deformation of the pile increases with the degree of weathering of the rock, and decreases with the increase in the embedded rock depth. The relative magnitude of the dynamic load (the ratio of the magnitude of the dynamic load to the static load-bearing capacity) has the greatest influence on the dynamic stiffness of monopile, followed by the degree of weathering of the rock and the rock-socketed depth. Maximum damage to the rock often occurs in the vicinity of the soil-rock interface, and minor damage near the bottom of the pile can occur for the strong weathered rock case; the inertial effect of the dynamic load increases the amount of damage to the rock compared to the static load case.