The generation and release patterns of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation caused by the flood discharge of high dams and large-scale reservoirs were first analyzed, and the factors affecting the generation and release of TDG supersaturation were investigated. The challenges and shortcomings existing in the current research were summarized, and abatement measures for TDG supersaturation and their mechanism were sorted out from the perspective of engineering measures and non-engineering measures based on a large number of Chinese and foreign research cases. Moreover, an evaluation idea of hierarchical screening was proposed, and an abatement measure evaluation system for TDG supersaturation was established. The future research directions were pointed out, including the mechanism of TDG gas-liquid mass transfer, the development of the TDG supersaturation prediction model, the optimization of abatement measures for TDG supersaturation, and the improvement of the abatement measure evaluation system for TDG supersaturation.