To investigate the influence of general scour on the bearing performance of the anchorage of Xiamen Liuwudian Navigation Channel Bridge, scaled model tests and finite element numerical simulations were conducted. Homogeneous quartz sand was adopted to simulate the soil surrounding the anchorage. Under working conditions with different scour depths, scaled model tests including unidirectional loading, unidirectional single-stage loading-unloading and unidirectional step-increasing cyclic loading-unloading were performed to obtain the load-displacement curves of the anchorage. The finite element modeling method was validated against the test data, and a three-dimensional numerical model of the prototype anchorage, considering actual soil stratification and replacement reinforcement, was established. The scaled model test results reveal that the ultimate bearing capacity of the anchorage decreases by approximately 14.3% with each additional scour depth of 0.33 H ( H denotes the embedded depth of the anchorage), and different loading modes exert slight effects on the ultimate bearing capacity. Numerical simulation results indicate that at the prototype site, the ultimate bearing capacity declines at a rate of about 10.3% when the scour depth increases stepwise by 0.2 H . Although slight numerical differences exist between simulation and test results, their overall variation trends are consistent. As scour intensifies, the failure mode of the anchorage gradually transitions from overturning-dominated to global sliding. Among the constitutive parameters of surrounding soil, the internal friction angle exerts the most significant influence on the ultimate bearing capacity, followed by cohesion, whereas the elastic modulus has a relatively minor effect.