贯彻科学生态文明理念以综合开发水资源防灾兴利
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国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B01);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973 计划)(2013CB036001); 国家自然科学基金(41302220)


Implementation of concept of scientific ecological culture for comprehensive development of water resources and disaster prevention
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    摘要:

    中国的水资源问题是一个重要的瓶颈问题。关于水的起源仍然值得深入研究,涉及地球的 形成、目前宇宙水球的来源及地球深部水的问题。强调了划定水圈几个带的尝试,以及圈层间的复 杂作用,进而探讨了水资源开发问题,在圈层运动基础上建立全流域演化综合效应与有关评价的理 念,并以黄河中游及长江中上游及内河流域演化为例进行了分析,水资源开发应考虑有限性、相对 性和生态性“三性”,以及“水可载舟也可覆舟” 的两重性。论述了“ 六水” ( 雨水、河水、湖水、地下 水、库水等人工水体和海水) 的综合开发利用问题,以及6 种灾害统一防灾减灾的问题,洪灾、涝 灾、旱灾、风暴潮、地质灾害、水污染这6 种灾害与“ 六水” 有关,指出了分段控制库水水质与地表 水地下水综合开发调蓄及修建地下水库的重要性。提出了水资源开发与灾害防治应多部门多学 科协作,大力推行节水措施,建立完善的多功能水资源网络,以供定需,加强评价与开发的追究责任 制度等建议。

    Abstract:

    Water resources constraints constitute a significant bottleneck in China. The origins of water are worth further research, as they relate to the Earth’s formation, the origins of the water globe, and the issue of deep water. First, we attempt to divide the hydrosphere into several belts and focus on the complex interaction between spherical layers. Then, water resources development issues are discussed, the concept of the comprehensive effect and related evaluation of the evolution of an entire basin is developed based on the spherical layer movement, and the evolution of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and the inland river basin is analyzed based on this concept. Water resources development should consider three properties: limits, relativity, and ecology, as well as the instructive observation that water can carry a boat and also overturn a boat. The comprehensive development and utilization of water from six different sources, including rainwater, river water, lake water, groundwater, reservoir water, and sea water, are examined. We also discuss prevention and mitigation of six types of disasters related to the six water sources: flooding, waterlogging, drought, storm surges, geological disasters, and water pollution. It is pointed out that segmented control of water quality in the reservoir area, comprehensive development of surface water and groundwater, and construction of underground reservoirs are important. Finally, some suggestions for water resources development and disaster prevention are proposed: cooperation between multiple departments and multiple disciplines, implementation of water-saving measures, construction of an enhanced water resources network, determination of demand according to provision, and improvement of an investigation system for evaluation and development.

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卢耀如,刘 琦,张鑫馨.贯彻科学生态文明理念以综合开发水资源防灾兴利[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2015,43(5):384-394.(LU Yaoru, LIU Qi, ZHANG Xinxin. Implementation of concept of scientific ecological culture for comprehensive development of water resources and disaster prevention[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences),2015,43(5):384-394.(in Chinese))

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  • 在线发布日期: 2015-10-30
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