Some progresses in the research of micro-regimes of seepage around the dam site of hydropower stations under operational conditions are reviewed, with a focus on the groundwater quality, the formation and evolution of seepage precipitates as well as the factors influencing them, and geochemical simulation of water-rock interaction. On the basis of discussion of related problems, four topics are presented for further research, including the chemical damage caused by abnormal variation of groundwater quality, geochemical behaviors of some trace elements from seepage precipitates and their denotative meanings, multi-scale models for multicomponent reaction-transport between liquid and solid phases and their application in consideration of chemical reaction-induced variation in mesostructures, and the uncertainty and methodology involved in geochemical simulation of water-rock interaction.