In order to quantitatively investigate the pattern of change of the surface asperity of textured geomembrane, a new apparatus for measuring surface asperity was developed. Interface shear tests of textured geomembrane with nonwoven geotextile under different normal stresses and corresponding tests on the surface asperity of textured geomembrane were conducted. The results show that the interface shear strength of textured geomembrane with nonwoven geotextile is caused by the embedding and pulling actions between textured points of geomembrane and geotextile fabric. The peak interface shear friction coefficient is mainly influenced by normal stress. When the interface shear strength tends to be residual strength, the damage to textured points of geomembrane tends to be stable and the fabric orientation of geotextile is fully achieved.