In order to study the soil disturbance and distribution characteristics of the additional stress induced by the penetration of soil samplers, based on the Geddes solution, this study obtained the solution of the vertical additional stress of soil at any location in the soil sampler induced by the end resistance and side resistance, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of the vertical additional stress of soil in the soil sampler induced by the end resistance and side resistance and the influence of the samplers parameters on the vertical additional stress of soil using a numerical method. The calculated results show that, during the penetration of soil samplers, the end resistance causes the compressive stress to change into the tensile stress in the soil, and the tensile stress does not vary with the soil sampler diameter and penetration depth. Increasing the diameter of the soil sampler can effectively reduce the additional stress of soil at the axis induced by the end resistance and side resistance, indicating that a larger-diameter soil sampler can significantly improve the quality of the soil sample in consideration of the effects of the end resistance and side resistance.