Based on research achievements of scholars from China and abroad, fully mechanical model test equipment was independently developed for pile foundations. The equipment is based on a multifunctional loading system and can be used for model tests of compression, uplift, and horizontal loadings on pile foundations. The pile foundation model test system consists of a model tank, a loading system, a measurement system, and other components. The model tank is connected mechanically and can be set to different lengths, widths, and heights according to model test requirements. The fully automatic loading system can meet the requirements of pressure stability for each level of loading. The system is controlled and collected automatically by computer, leading to the high accuracy and reliability of the model test. In addition, the system has the function of loading simultaneously in two or three directions and can simulate the bearing performance of different piles under different conditions. Finally, model tests of compression, uplift, and horizontal loadings on Y-shaped piles were carried out, and the feasibility and reliability of the test equipment and loading system are verified.