In order to overcome the limitations of traditional methods, an intelligent compaction(IC)technology-based method for the real-time monitoring of compaction quality of highway asphalt pavements as well as the rapid assessment was proposed using the combined index of the frequency analysis index and the unit volume compaction power(E). It could realize the rapid assessment of compaction quality for highway asphalt layers with the 100% coverage of construction zone and effectively overcome the shortage that the value of C_V0 was easily influenced by the hardness of subgrade(lime-fly ash layer and water stable layer). Accordingly, the estimated compactness error was decreased, resulting in a high detecting precision of asphalt layers compaction quality. The presented method is helpful to improve the construction quality and provides a new way to control the construction quality of highway.