Ecological impact of Eucalyptus plantation is a key scientific topic of global concern, especially its deforestation and water safety problem. Present research findings have evolved around the black water mechanism, its characteristics and the source of the dark component. The driving factor of black water, its prediction and adaptive control have been analyzed in this study. Research has indicated that black water appeared in depressions, streams and reservoirs of different scale in the eucalyptus forest. This was mainly caused by dissolved organic carbon and tannic acid that was extracted from eucalyptus leaf. Black complex formed by the combination of tannic acid with metal ions, and ferrous metal sulfides formed when the water was oxygen deficient. Besides, black water formation was triggered by either a change in meteorological conditions, hydrological situation or sediment accumulation, and migration. For deep waters(large and medium-sized reservoirs), which are affected by thermal stratification, dark matter accumulated in the water bottom. The water’s thermal stratification structure lost its stability when the temperature dropped, hence allowed the mixing of the water along the column in the reservoir leading to various chemical reactions, then finally caused the appearing of black water. Additionally, when the hydrological regime suddenly changes, the flood water that flows into the reservoir in the form of underflow will bring large amounts of DOC, plant residue and sediment into the water, resulting in the black water. The decomposition of microorganisms and the release of nitrogen as well as phosphorus in sediments aggravated oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the water, and created an environment for the formation of black matter. To predict and control the black water, it is very important to establish a model to simulate the transportation and regulate the adaptability of it. Present research was focused on the small-scale water(such as streams, rivers, etc. ), so the formation mechanism of large-scale water that results in stratification(such as deep lakes and reservoirs, etc. )is still not entirely clear. Therefore, further study on the simulation and prediction of black water at the basin level is needed. At last, the mechanism of reservoirs in eucalyptus forest area will be an important topic in the future.