In order to improve the pozzolanic activity of volcanic rock in Hotan area of Xinjiang and extend its application in concrete engineering, XRD test, chemical method, SEM micro and macro strength index method are adopted, to test and analyze the pozzolanic activity after 060 min calcination of constant temperatures from 800℃ to 1400℃ and with water quenching or natural cooling. Results indicate that with the increase of calcination temperature, the vitreous content of volcanic rocks gradually increased. But when the calcination temperature reaches or exceeds the melting temperature, the crystal diffraction peak obviously disappeared in the XRD test and the vitreous content began to decrease. The content of main oxides in volcanic rock, such as SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, decreased, and all the contents of two soluble oxides, SiO2and Al2O3, have decreased except the calcination temperature of 800℃. Finally, too high calcination temperature, over 800℃, will result in decreased activity, and the vitreous content of volcanic rocks can be improved to a certain extent by calcining with high temperature. However, high calcining temperature will reduce the dissolved oxide content of volcanic rocks and cause the decline of their macroscopic activity index.