In order to protect elver resources in China and to solve the obstruction effect of low-head water-power engineering in the back migration of elvers, based on the indoor monitoring data from June to August, 2017, the passing efficiency of fishway, trajectory of behavior and swimming speed were evaluated by statistical analysis for the eel channel with weir surface roughing. This study shows that the passing efficiency was significantly different between the experimental group(with rough on the downstream face)and the control group(without rough on the downstream face), the migration success rates of which were 82. 5% ± 2. 5% and 13% ± 4. 79%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the elvers of the experimental group were more active in the process of back migration and its form was like the snake crawling, which showed S, Z and straight type. Besides, the edge-oriented movement was more obvious, and was a typical kind of behavior of climbing to the top of a weir though a typical burst swimming events, the maximum explosive speed of which reaches up to 0. 66 m/s.