In this study, the water footprint of agricultural production, water footprint of consumption and virtual water flows were quantified, and the related environmental impacts of water consumption on human health, ecosystem equality and resources were evaluated. Results indicated that the water footprint of agricultural production, water footprint of consumption, virtual water exports and virtual water imports were 110. 97×10⁸, 37. 98×10⁸, 74. 99×10⁸ and 2. 00×10⁸ m³, respectively. Milk, oil-bearing crops and beef were dominated products of virtual water imports, while the water footprint of production, water footprint of consumption and virtual water exports were mainly influenced by rice and wheat. For water footprint of production, water footprint of consumption, virtual water exports and virtual water imports, related impacts on human health were 26. 02×10⁴, 9. 30×10⁴, 17. 58×10⁴ and 0. 87×10⁴ DALY, impacts on ecosystem equality were 19. 02×10⁸, 6. 69×10⁸, 12. 85×10⁸ and 0. 53×10⁸ m²·a and impacts on resources were 0, 1. 47×10¹⁴, 0 and 1. 47×10¹⁴ J. In addition, the applications of water-saving technology and cultivation of new crop variation would contribute to the decrease of water footprint of production and the changes of consumption pattern from water-intensive animal products to water-extensive crop products, which would be helpful in decreasing regional water footprint of consumption. Virtual water imports increased the regional water availability and virtual water exports mean water losing for Jiangsu province. The adjustment of trade pattern and change of trade partner would be helpful in alleviating regional water stress. The environmental impacts related to water consumption in Jiangsu province was influenced by the volumes of water footprint and virtual water flows. Therefore, the decrease of water consumption, smaller ratio for agricultural water withdrawal and change of importing regions would be helpful in decreasing regional environmental impacts.