The characteristics of hydro-logical cycle and hydro-chemical evolution of Nalenggele River Catchment were summarized and the programs of the regional water resources exploration and diversion were comprehensively proposed. Results show that the spatial-temporal difference of the hydro-logical cycle is distinct in the Nalenggele River. The runoff is mainly concentrated in the mountain area and varies greatly throughout the year. Besides, the dynamic inter annual or seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level is larger than ordinary arid basin and exhibits an increasing trend in wet season, which means that the water circulation conditions are ideal and water resources are abundant in wet season. More typically, both the surface water and groundwater contain unusual enriched elements of B, Li and K in the middle and lower reaches of the basin. The enriched elements are of continuous deep-source supply with annual runoff of at least several thousand tons, and the total amount of groundwater about 150 m in the alluvial fan is beyond 100-thousand tons. The conclusion can be deduced that the water transfer from the upper tributaries can not only increase the total amount of dissolved mineral elements such as B, Li and K, but also ensure the safety of the Qinghai-Tibet line for the leakage water from lakes in the source area. Finally, it is of great strategic significance to maintain dynamic water resource balance in the Nalenggele River.