To explore the control effect of geological structure on the karst development, this study chose the Westshan mountains of Heqing county as the study area and adopted a combination method of the geological survey and the drilling data, to comprehensively analyze the lithology, geological structure, surface and underground karst phenomena, and distribution laws. The results show that controlled by some tectonic activities, such as the Indosinian orogeny and the Himalayan orogeny, the study area formed an NNE-NE structural pattern. According to the scale, geological structures of the study area can be divided into four scales, regional fault zone, secondary reverse fault, large structural fracture and joint, which affects the karst development in different degrees and controls the flow and drainage of groundwater. Karst development in the study area has stage characteristics, and two planation surfaces of 3 000 m and 2 500-2 700 m are developed. Four levels of river terraces developed in study area, with elevations of 2 300-2 500 m, 2 260-2 320 m, 2 210-2 240 m and 2 200-2 220 m, corresponding to karst caves. Combined with the drilling data, in Westshan mountains of Heqing county, there are three stages of karsts that developed in Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary.