Based on the analysis of the current situation of agricultural water use in Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water is analyzed by establishing the Gini coefficient method. It is indicated that the distribution of agricultural irrigation water is rational, but its utilization efficiency is low. The improvement of utilization efficiencyof agricultural irrigation water can promote water-saving capacity. The analysis of improvement potential of utilization efficiency of irrigation water in different regions shows that the differences of water-saving potential in various regions in XinjiangUygurAutonomous Region are significant, and the utilization efficiency of agricultural irrigation water has great improvement potential.