The poverty of involuntary resettlement has become a special problem in the household livelihood, community rehabilitation and social stability. Based on the theories of system structure, culture and network resources, the related achievements of poverty roots and mitigation paths of involuntary resettlement are reviewed, and three key factors for their poverty are identified, that is, policy design and implementation, psychological adjustment and resolution, and resource mobilization and integration. It is pointed out that the poverty treatment system incorporating the government, immigrants, communities and other social organizations should be established. The main challenges for further researches are difficult measurement and backward treatment of poverty of involuntary resettlement. Thus strengthening interdisciplinary theoretical researches and precise treatment practice is the focus for future researches.