Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m³. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.