Taihu Lake Basin is located in the southern areas with rich water in China, but its water-quality type water shortage and worse situation of ecological environment of rivers and lakes are the long-term problem and challenge. The current allocation of water resources in the Basin adopts administration-coordinated allocated mode and not market means. The demand side is the expected water demand in the planning scheme, and thus, the water demand at the supply side is also fixed and does not change with the water price, which is not favor of improving the utilization efficiency of water resources. The mode of water bank is selected to explore the new means for allocation of water resources of basins. The preliminary idea of Water Bank of Taihu Lake with important rivers and lakes as the dispatching center such as Taihu Lake is proposed: By using some businesses of storage water and loan water to reflect the true value of water and the comprehensive costs of allocation, protection and dispatching, in the short term, the water demand is restricted through transaction payment to promote rational and high-efficient utilization of water resources under the control of the total water quantity, and in the long term, a general idea is put forward that the reward and penalty mechanism is regarded as the criterion to improve the water quality security of important rivers and lakes such as Taihu Lake.