Based on the super-efficient SBM model and GML index, the temporal and spatial differences and dynamic evolution trend of agricultural green water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed. On this basis, the Tobit regression model was used to empirically test the influencing factors of agricultural green water utilization efficiency. The research results show that the overall time series of agricultural green water utilization efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2019 changed steadily, but the internal spatial differences were significant. The technical efficiency level in most regions did not keep up with the pace of industrial technological change. And the level of government control and the level of farmland and water conservancy construction have a significant positive impact on the utilization level of agricultural green water resources. The paper proposes that the regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt should improve their agricultural water resources utilization status by innovating agricultural water use methods and exploring the potential of water saving and emission reduction.