Based on the water footprint method, the water consumption of Shanxi Province from 2009 to 2020 is calculated, and the decoupling analysis of agricultural and industrial water footprint and economic growth is carried out, so as to find out the main factors affecting water consumption. The results are as follows. The water footprint of Shanxi Province increased rapidly in recent ten years, from 21.49 billion m³ in 2009 to 31.022 billion m³ in 2020, with an annual increase of 794 million m³. Agriculture accounted for 89.28% of the water footprint in Shanxi Province, while corn, fruit and pork accounted for 30.17%, 20.77% and 12.67% respectively. The decoupling between water use and economic growth in recent ten years was weak in most years, and the decoupling between agricultural water use and agricultural economy had the greatest impact on the overall decoupling state. Therefore, it is proposed that efforts should be made to control the growth rate of water footprint in Shanxi Province, focusing on the improvement of water saving in the production process of corn, pork and fruit in agriculture.