As an important part of the development of new productive forces, New Productive Forces in the Hydraulic Sector plays a significant role in the efficient management and utilization of water resources and in sustainable development. Exploring its connotative characteristics, development priorities and specific manifestations in the hydraulic field is conducive to promoting the high-quality development of the hydraulic industry. The literature review method is adopted to sort out the background and development path of the new productive forces theory. By using the theoretical analysis method and combining the characteristics of the hydraulic industry, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the six major characteristics, five key development priorities and the challenges faced by New Productive Forces in the Hydraulic Sector. It illustrated the importance of New Productive Forces in the Hydraulic Sector for modern water resource management, revealed the key role of technological innovation in promoting the transformation of the hydraulic industry, and pointed out the importance of optimizing water resource management through means such as frontier technological innovation, institutional innovation and industrial development.