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2026,44(4):1-9
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.001
Abstract:
Research on the multifunctionality of the water-energy-food system is of great significance for understanding the comprehensive efficiency of resource systems and promoting collaborative governance. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2002 to 2023, this study constructs an evaluation index system for the multifunctionality of the water-energy-food system, adopts the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model to measure the spatiotemporal differentiation of system multifunctionality, and reveals the evolutionary law of coupling coordination among the four major functions. The results indicate that during the study period, the national average value of the system multifunctionality index rose steadily from 0.387 to 0.486, forming an overall spatial distribution pattern characterized by high and stable index values in the eastern and central regions and locally leading levels across western China. Obvious differences exist in the spatiotemporal patterns of the four major functions. The overall coupling coordination degree among functions presented an evolutionary trend of first declining and then rising. It dropped to around 0.55 in 2003, the lowest value during the study period, and entered a steady growth stage after 2012. Most provincial-level regions achieved synchronous improvements in both multifunctionality levels and coupling coordination degrees, while the pattern of unbalanced regional development remained relatively stable.
Research on the multifunctionality of the water-energy-food system is of great significance for understanding the comprehensive efficiency of resource systems and promoting collaborative governance. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2002 to 2023, this study constructs an evaluation index system for the multifunctionality of the water-energy-food system, adopts the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and coupling coordination degree model to measure the spatiotemporal differentiation of system multifunctionality, and reveals the evolutionary law of coupling coordination among the four major functions. The results indicate that during the study period, the national average value of the system multifunctionality index rose steadily from 0.387 to 0.486, forming an overall spatial distribution pattern characterized by high and stable index values in the eastern and central regions and locally leading levels across western China. Obvious differences exist in the spatiotemporal patterns of the four major functions. The overall coupling coordination degree among functions presented an evolutionary trend of first declining and then rising. It dropped to around 0.55 in 2003, the lowest value during the study period, and entered a steady growth stage after 2012. Most provincial-level regions achieved synchronous improvements in both multifunctionality levels and coupling coordination degrees, while the pattern of unbalanced regional development remained relatively stable.
2026,44(4):10-19
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.002
Abstract:
The Yellow River Basin is an important energy base and manufacturing cluster area in China, and its industrial ecologicalization is of great significance for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the dual-dimensional perspective of the industrial system and the eco-environmental system, this paper uses the entropy method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the industrial ecologicalization in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2022. The results show that: the overall industrial ecologicalization in the Yellow River Basin is on the rise, but there are significant regional differences, with the spatial pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”; industrial ecologicalization has significant spatial correlation, the global Moran index shows an upward trend, and the spatial dependence between regions is continuously strengthening; industrial agglomeration and environmental governance form a global inhibition; urbanization and the degree of opening-up have significant positive spillover effects; and green innovation exacerbates regional development disparities through a dual “siphon-squeeze” mechanism.
The Yellow River Basin is an important energy base and manufacturing cluster area in China, and its industrial ecologicalization is of great significance for promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the dual-dimensional perspective of the industrial system and the eco-environmental system, this paper uses the entropy method, the coupling coordination degree model, and the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the industrial ecologicalization in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2022. The results show that: the overall industrial ecologicalization in the Yellow River Basin is on the rise, but there are significant regional differences, with the spatial pattern of “high in the east and low in the west”; industrial ecologicalization has significant spatial correlation, the global Moran index shows an upward trend, and the spatial dependence between regions is continuously strengthening; industrial agglomeration and environmental governance form a global inhibition; urbanization and the degree of opening-up have significant positive spillover effects; and green innovation exacerbates regional development disparities through a dual “siphon-squeeze” mechanism.
2026,44(4):20-30
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.003
Abstract:
To effectively support the construction of an ecological network in the Weihe River Basin and promote its high-quality ecological development, a dynamic assessment method for the value of terrestrial ecosystem services in China based on the unit area value factor method was introduced to evaluate the Weihe River Basin. By accurately identifying ecological source areas, constructing resistance indicators and resistance surfaces, ecological corridors and identifying barrier points were subsequently extracted, ultimately forming an ecological network for the Wei River Basin. The results indicate that: In 2020, the total value of ecosystem services in the Weihe River Basin’s reached CNY 287.002 billion, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the south and lower in the north, higher in the east and lower in the west”; a total of 818 ecological source areas were identified, covering an area of 7 676.51 km2, with dominant source areas showing a fragmented aggregation pattern, potential risks in biological migration connectivity, and significant human activitiy interference in core source areas. A total of 75 ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 4 289.51 km; where high-grade corridors account for less than 12% of the total, and overall spatial resistance remains relatively high; and ecological barrier points were primarily concentrated in secondary and tertiary regions, with the highest density in Tianshui City, Xi’an City, and Pingliang City, making these key areas for ecological restoration and connectivity improvement.
To effectively support the construction of an ecological network in the Weihe River Basin and promote its high-quality ecological development, a dynamic assessment method for the value of terrestrial ecosystem services in China based on the unit area value factor method was introduced to evaluate the Weihe River Basin. By accurately identifying ecological source areas, constructing resistance indicators and resistance surfaces, ecological corridors and identifying barrier points were subsequently extracted, ultimately forming an ecological network for the Wei River Basin. The results indicate that: In 2020, the total value of ecosystem services in the Weihe River Basin’s reached CNY 287.002 billion, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern of “higher in the south and lower in the north, higher in the east and lower in the west”; a total of 818 ecological source areas were identified, covering an area of 7 676.51 km2, with dominant source areas showing a fragmented aggregation pattern, potential risks in biological migration connectivity, and significant human activitiy interference in core source areas. A total of 75 ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 4 289.51 km; where high-grade corridors account for less than 12% of the total, and overall spatial resistance remains relatively high; and ecological barrier points were primarily concentrated in secondary and tertiary regions, with the highest density in Tianshui City, Xi’an City, and Pingliang City, making these key areas for ecological restoration and connectivity improvement.
2026,44(4):31-38
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.004
Abstract:
County-level water networks, as the “last mile” of China’s national water network system, play an important role in improving the spatial balance of regional water resources through optimized allocation. Existing studies mostly focus on high-level water networks, paying insufficient attention to county-level networks with a small engineering scale and low storage capacity. Therefore, this study constructs a multi-source and multi-user optimal allocation model with the goal of minimizing the water supply-demand mismatch. This study takes the county-level water network of Renhe District, Panzhihua, as an example, and conducts the optimal allocation and spatial balance evaluation of water resources according to the three stages of “decentralized management, unified management of irrigation areas, and networked collaborative allocation”. The results indicate that: the water network allocation significantly improves water resource allocation efficiency and reduces regional water scarcity through mutual support among water sources; the water transfer structure exhibits a collaborative pattern of “expanding from midstream to upstream, prioritizing nearby water sources, and supplementing with distant water sources”, significantly enhancing system resilience; the water network allocation promotes spatial balance, particularly under the extreme supply-demand condition; and due to the structural constraints of county-level water networks, optimization on the supply side alone cannot fundamentally resolve the water scarcity problem, and a sustainable development path combining supply and demand management should be established.
County-level water networks, as the “last mile” of China’s national water network system, play an important role in improving the spatial balance of regional water resources through optimized allocation. Existing studies mostly focus on high-level water networks, paying insufficient attention to county-level networks with a small engineering scale and low storage capacity. Therefore, this study constructs a multi-source and multi-user optimal allocation model with the goal of minimizing the water supply-demand mismatch. This study takes the county-level water network of Renhe District, Panzhihua, as an example, and conducts the optimal allocation and spatial balance evaluation of water resources according to the three stages of “decentralized management, unified management of irrigation areas, and networked collaborative allocation”. The results indicate that: the water network allocation significantly improves water resource allocation efficiency and reduces regional water scarcity through mutual support among water sources; the water transfer structure exhibits a collaborative pattern of “expanding from midstream to upstream, prioritizing nearby water sources, and supplementing with distant water sources”, significantly enhancing system resilience; the water network allocation promotes spatial balance, particularly under the extreme supply-demand condition; and due to the structural constraints of county-level water networks, optimization on the supply side alone cannot fundamentally resolve the water scarcity problem, and a sustainable development path combining supply and demand management should be established.
2026,44(4):39-46
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.005
Abstract:
Against the backdrop of intensifying water supply-demand imbalances, water rights trading has become a vital market-oriented approach to optimize water resources allocation. The Yellow River Basin has pioneered water rights trading with abundant practical experience, but its market suffers from excessive systemic risks and poor liquidity due to outdated water allocation schemes and arduous cross-provincial coordination. Based on financial deepening and liquidity theories, this paper locally revises the CAPM model to establish a quantitative risk-return framework for water rights. It identifies major risk sources including unclear water right confirmation, absence of cross-regional coordination mechanism, insufficient incentives for water conservation, poor adaptability of financial instruments, inadequate risk management and control. Four water finance instruments, namely, the water rights market maker system, water rights options, water rights mortgage loans, and water banks, are proposed. Verification results show that the coordinated implementation and operation of these four water finance instruments can, from multiple perspectives such as risk mitigation, transaction facilitation, and value realization, reduce systemic risks in the water rights market in the Yellow River Basin, including cross-regional transaction volatility and obstructed water rights transfer. Additionally, they broaden the trading channels for water rights assets, lower the barriers to participation, significantly enhance the trading activity, transaction frequency, and overall market liquidity of water rights assets, and ameliorate the current development predicament characterized by sluggish trading and weak risk resilience.
Against the backdrop of intensifying water supply-demand imbalances, water rights trading has become a vital market-oriented approach to optimize water resources allocation. The Yellow River Basin has pioneered water rights trading with abundant practical experience, but its market suffers from excessive systemic risks and poor liquidity due to outdated water allocation schemes and arduous cross-provincial coordination. Based on financial deepening and liquidity theories, this paper locally revises the CAPM model to establish a quantitative risk-return framework for water rights. It identifies major risk sources including unclear water right confirmation, absence of cross-regional coordination mechanism, insufficient incentives for water conservation, poor adaptability of financial instruments, inadequate risk management and control. Four water finance instruments, namely, the water rights market maker system, water rights options, water rights mortgage loans, and water banks, are proposed. Verification results show that the coordinated implementation and operation of these four water finance instruments can, from multiple perspectives such as risk mitigation, transaction facilitation, and value realization, reduce systemic risks in the water rights market in the Yellow River Basin, including cross-regional transaction volatility and obstructed water rights transfer. Additionally, they broaden the trading channels for water rights assets, lower the barriers to participation, significantly enhance the trading activity, transaction frequency, and overall market liquidity of water rights assets, and ameliorate the current development predicament characterized by sluggish trading and weak risk resilience.
2026,44(4):47-54
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.006
Abstract:
To achieve a“dual equilibrium”between the“game among trading entities”and the“water rights trading market”, thereby enhancing water rights trading benefits, this study takes industrial-agricultural water rights trading in the Upper Yellow River basin as a case study. It extends the traditional duopoly Cournot game model to a 4×4 game-theoretic model, which more accurately simulates the“many-to-many”market structure of water rights trading in the region. By incorporating market equilibrium, the study unifies the“game equilibrium among trading entities”with the“market equilibrium in water rights trading”. The results show that, without increasing water usage quotas, the“dual-equilibrium”water rights trading mechanism can generate 67.807 billion yuan in incremental benefits, improving water-saving incentives by 5.82 times, increasing net benefits by 8.06 times, and enhancing water use efficiency by 1.41 times. Significant potential exists for optimization in both price formation and trading volume for industrial-agricultural water rights trading in the upper Yellow River basin. The“dual-equilibrium”approach, through establishing a unified trading platform, innovating pricing models, and improving market signal transmission, can effectively guide the flow of water rights.
To achieve a“dual equilibrium”between the“game among trading entities”and the“water rights trading market”, thereby enhancing water rights trading benefits, this study takes industrial-agricultural water rights trading in the Upper Yellow River basin as a case study. It extends the traditional duopoly Cournot game model to a 4×4 game-theoretic model, which more accurately simulates the“many-to-many”market structure of water rights trading in the region. By incorporating market equilibrium, the study unifies the“game equilibrium among trading entities”with the“market equilibrium in water rights trading”. The results show that, without increasing water usage quotas, the“dual-equilibrium”water rights trading mechanism can generate 67.807 billion yuan in incremental benefits, improving water-saving incentives by 5.82 times, increasing net benefits by 8.06 times, and enhancing water use efficiency by 1.41 times. Significant potential exists for optimization in both price formation and trading volume for industrial-agricultural water rights trading in the upper Yellow River basin. The“dual-equilibrium”approach, through establishing a unified trading platform, innovating pricing models, and improving market signal transmission, can effectively guide the flow of water rights.
2026,44(4):55-66
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.007
Abstract:
As urban systems become increasingly complex, urban rainstorms and flood disasters exhibit characteristics of complexity and cascading effects. A single actor is insufficient to address such complex disasters, making the enhancement of collaborative governance capacity for cascading disasters imperative. A two-layer network model of collaborative governance of cascading disasters is proposed from the “risk-capacity” coupling perspective, depicting both risk propagation pathways and the structure of organizational response capabilities. By establishing a prevention-and-control mapping relation between the organizational collaboration layer and the disaster cascading layer, the model evaluates the governance effectiveness under different collaboration strategy scenarios. Using the “23·7” extreme rainstorm event in Beijing as an empirical case, this paper finds that rainstorm-induced flooding readily evolves into urban systemic risks, with infrastructure damage serving as a critical pathway for risk propagation. The collaboration network exhibits a non-equilibrium capacity structure characterized by “government-led, enterprise-mediated, and socially-marginalized” roles. Institutionalized organizations remain the main actors in disaster governance and can achieve approximately 68% risk reduction. Furthermore, a multi-actor collaborative governance mechanism involving social organizations can further reduce systemic risk, whereas fragmented actions by social organizations may lead to resource misallocation and negatively impact disaster mitigation outcomes.
As urban systems become increasingly complex, urban rainstorms and flood disasters exhibit characteristics of complexity and cascading effects. A single actor is insufficient to address such complex disasters, making the enhancement of collaborative governance capacity for cascading disasters imperative. A two-layer network model of collaborative governance of cascading disasters is proposed from the “risk-capacity” coupling perspective, depicting both risk propagation pathways and the structure of organizational response capabilities. By establishing a prevention-and-control mapping relation between the organizational collaboration layer and the disaster cascading layer, the model evaluates the governance effectiveness under different collaboration strategy scenarios. Using the “23·7” extreme rainstorm event in Beijing as an empirical case, this paper finds that rainstorm-induced flooding readily evolves into urban systemic risks, with infrastructure damage serving as a critical pathway for risk propagation. The collaboration network exhibits a non-equilibrium capacity structure characterized by “government-led, enterprise-mediated, and socially-marginalized” roles. Institutionalized organizations remain the main actors in disaster governance and can achieve approximately 68% risk reduction. Furthermore, a multi-actor collaborative governance mechanism involving social organizations can further reduce systemic risk, whereas fragmented actions by social organizations may lead to resource misallocation and negatively impact disaster mitigation outcomes.
2026,44(4):67-75
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.008
Abstract:
To systematically examine the development trends and hot topics in China’s groundwater management research, this paper conducts a visualized bibliometric analysis of publication trends, core authors, institutional affiliations, and keyword co-occurrence, drawing on core journals indexed in the CNKI database from 1992 to 2025. The findings are as follows. First, the evolution of groundwater management research in China has progressed relatively slowly, with its temporal pattern closely aligned with shifts in national policy priorities. Second, two major research clusters have emerged, each demonstrating strong internal collaboration but limited cross-group interaction. Third, the spatial distribution of research institutions reflects a trend of “polycentric expansion”, though the presence of resource concentration in a few leading institutions remains evident. Finally, research priorities have gradually shifted from technology-oriented issues such as resource exploitation and pollution prevention to governance-oriented ones such as governance capacity building and policy instrument deployment. This transition reflects a broader trend of integrating groundwater research into the modernization of China’s national governance system, highlighting a movement toward institutional innovation and comprehensive policy coordination.
To systematically examine the development trends and hot topics in China’s groundwater management research, this paper conducts a visualized bibliometric analysis of publication trends, core authors, institutional affiliations, and keyword co-occurrence, drawing on core journals indexed in the CNKI database from 1992 to 2025. The findings are as follows. First, the evolution of groundwater management research in China has progressed relatively slowly, with its temporal pattern closely aligned with shifts in national policy priorities. Second, two major research clusters have emerged, each demonstrating strong internal collaboration but limited cross-group interaction. Third, the spatial distribution of research institutions reflects a trend of “polycentric expansion”, though the presence of resource concentration in a few leading institutions remains evident. Finally, research priorities have gradually shifted from technology-oriented issues such as resource exploitation and pollution prevention to governance-oriented ones such as governance capacity building and policy instrument deployment. This transition reflects a broader trend of integrating groundwater research into the modernization of China’s national governance system, highlighting a movement toward institutional innovation and comprehensive policy coordination.
2026,44(4):76-83, 105
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.009
Abstract:
With the value enhancement of the data elements in the water resource sector, the requirements for security and compliance in data usage have been increasingly strengthened, bringing challenges to cross-departmental data collaboration. This paper proposes a data governance framework based on federated learning, which improves the efficiency of data utilization among multiple entities through a distributed modeling mechanism while effectively avoiding privacy and compliance risks caused by centralized processing. Prediction of measured runoff data for a representative in the Nanjing reach of tributary the lower Yangtze River, and the results show that, under the premise of ensuring data privacy, the model achieves prediction accuracy significantly superior to that of local independent models and exhibits good generalization performance. The results show that federated learning can effectively break down data barriers while keeping the original data within its domains, transforming dispersed data resources into high-value predictive capabilities. The performance gains remain consistent across different architectures, indicating that its effectiveness stems from the collaborative paradigm. Therefore, federated learning provides feasible technical support for the standardized sharing and intelligent analysis of water resource data, demonstrating good engineering adaptability and promotion potential.
With the value enhancement of the data elements in the water resource sector, the requirements for security and compliance in data usage have been increasingly strengthened, bringing challenges to cross-departmental data collaboration. This paper proposes a data governance framework based on federated learning, which improves the efficiency of data utilization among multiple entities through a distributed modeling mechanism while effectively avoiding privacy and compliance risks caused by centralized processing. Prediction of measured runoff data for a representative in the Nanjing reach of tributary the lower Yangtze River, and the results show that, under the premise of ensuring data privacy, the model achieves prediction accuracy significantly superior to that of local independent models and exhibits good generalization performance. The results show that federated learning can effectively break down data barriers while keeping the original data within its domains, transforming dispersed data resources into high-value predictive capabilities. The performance gains remain consistent across different architectures, indicating that its effectiveness stems from the collaborative paradigm. Therefore, federated learning provides feasible technical support for the standardized sharing and intelligent analysis of water resource data, demonstrating good engineering adaptability and promotion potential.
2026,44(4):84-91
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.010
Abstract:
In response to the problems of difficult valuation, low transaction efficiency, and insufficient identification of value characteristics of reservoir spatial management rights, a classification and grading perspective is integrated into the value evaluation of reservoir spatial management rights. A three-dimensional classification framework based on “spatial carrier-functional attributes-market demand” is proposed to classify reservoir spatial management rights, identify factors affecting value grading, introduce functional use classification benchmark prices and “natural-economic-social” feature grading correction coefficients, quantify the impact mechanism of functional differences and spatial heterogeneity on asset value, and construct a classification and grading correction evaluation method. Taking Changchun Reservoir in Zhejiang Deqing County Province as an empirical study, the valuation result shows an error rate of only 6.5% compared with the actual transaction value. The proportion of water surface cultural tourism value in the classification value is the largest, and the correction coefficient of cultural tourism development conditions has a significant impact on the valuation. The results show that the proposed dual-adjustment mechanism has been shown to effectively address the long-standing problems of functional confounding, regional inertia, and value decoupling in conventional valuation approaches. Consequently, it not only improves the scientific rigor and regional responsiveness of management rights valuation but also provides an operable appraisal instrument for the market-based transfer of management rights pertaining to reservoir spaces and other analogous spatial resources.
In response to the problems of difficult valuation, low transaction efficiency, and insufficient identification of value characteristics of reservoir spatial management rights, a classification and grading perspective is integrated into the value evaluation of reservoir spatial management rights. A three-dimensional classification framework based on “spatial carrier-functional attributes-market demand” is proposed to classify reservoir spatial management rights, identify factors affecting value grading, introduce functional use classification benchmark prices and “natural-economic-social” feature grading correction coefficients, quantify the impact mechanism of functional differences and spatial heterogeneity on asset value, and construct a classification and grading correction evaluation method. Taking Changchun Reservoir in Zhejiang Deqing County Province as an empirical study, the valuation result shows an error rate of only 6.5% compared with the actual transaction value. The proportion of water surface cultural tourism value in the classification value is the largest, and the correction coefficient of cultural tourism development conditions has a significant impact on the valuation. The results show that the proposed dual-adjustment mechanism has been shown to effectively address the long-standing problems of functional confounding, regional inertia, and value decoupling in conventional valuation approaches. Consequently, it not only improves the scientific rigor and regional responsiveness of management rights valuation but also provides an operable appraisal instrument for the market-based transfer of management rights pertaining to reservoir spaces and other analogous spatial resources.
2026,44(4):92-105
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.011
Abstract:
In the “water-economy-institution” synergy (WEIS) framework, this study selects panel data from 109 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2023, and systematically examines the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial interaction, and contributing factors of urban drought resilience through integrated spatial statistical analysis and dynamic panel econometric methods. The findings reveal that urban drought disaster resilience in China has continuously improved, yet significant regional disparities persist, forming a clustered pattern characterized by “high values concentrated in the eastern region and low values stagnant in the western region”. Meanwhile, the contribution rate of hyper-variable density continues to rise, indicating that urban differences are shifting from traditional geographical segmentation toward functional differentiation across regions. Resilience evolution exhibits path dependence, however, spatial spillover effects from high-resilience neighboring areas can effectively break the lock-in of low-resilience levels in certain cities. Industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and government intervention significantly enhance resilience, while surface vegetation cover and road expansion may hinder resilience growth due to competition for ecological water use and increased impervious surfaces. Therefore, Chinese cities should deepen the synergistic practice of the WEIS framework, implement precise governance under functional zoning, strengthen cross-regional collaboration and institutional flexibility, promote industrial upgrading and water-saving technological innovation, thereby enhancing urban resilience to drought disasters.
In the “water-economy-institution” synergy (WEIS) framework, this study selects panel data from 109 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2023, and systematically examines the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial interaction, and contributing factors of urban drought resilience through integrated spatial statistical analysis and dynamic panel econometric methods. The findings reveal that urban drought disaster resilience in China has continuously improved, yet significant regional disparities persist, forming a clustered pattern characterized by “high values concentrated in the eastern region and low values stagnant in the western region”. Meanwhile, the contribution rate of hyper-variable density continues to rise, indicating that urban differences are shifting from traditional geographical segmentation toward functional differentiation across regions. Resilience evolution exhibits path dependence, however, spatial spillover effects from high-resilience neighboring areas can effectively break the lock-in of low-resilience levels in certain cities. Industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and government intervention significantly enhance resilience, while surface vegetation cover and road expansion may hinder resilience growth due to competition for ecological water use and increased impervious surfaces. Therefore, Chinese cities should deepen the synergistic practice of the WEIS framework, implement precise governance under functional zoning, strengthen cross-regional collaboration and institutional flexibility, promote industrial upgrading and water-saving technological innovation, thereby enhancing urban resilience to drought disasters.
2026,44(4):106-113
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.012
Abstract:
Against the backdrop of China’s ecological civilization agenda and the pursuit of high-quality development in the water sector, the integration of water engineering and water culture has become an increasingly important issue. This study adopts a mixed qualitative strategy combining grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Through open, axial, and selective coding of policy documents and case materials, it develops a progressive logical framework comprising “cultural gene decoding-cultural translation mechanisms-value symbiosis objectives.” Building on this framework, a configurational analysis of 77 cases identifies three pathways to highly effective integration: historical revitalization through closed-loop regeneration, historical revitalization through authentic preservation, and comprehensive utilization through value symbiosis. The first pathway relies on the conversion of cultural capital to establish an economically sustainable closed loop that supports the continued use of water heritage, representing a typical model for integrating culture into traditional water engineering. The second employs low-intensity symbolic interventions under geographical and ecological constraints, emphasizing institutional continuity and the preservation of authenticity, and thus offers a useful reference for water projects in ecologically sensitive areas. The third coordinates policy responsiveness, cultural decoding, and market feedback to generate synergistic ecological, economic, and social value, making it particularly applicable to strategic water projects and comprehensive water-governance initiatives.
Against the backdrop of China’s ecological civilization agenda and the pursuit of high-quality development in the water sector, the integration of water engineering and water culture has become an increasingly important issue. This study adopts a mixed qualitative strategy combining grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Through open, axial, and selective coding of policy documents and case materials, it develops a progressive logical framework comprising “cultural gene decoding-cultural translation mechanisms-value symbiosis objectives.” Building on this framework, a configurational analysis of 77 cases identifies three pathways to highly effective integration: historical revitalization through closed-loop regeneration, historical revitalization through authentic preservation, and comprehensive utilization through value symbiosis. The first pathway relies on the conversion of cultural capital to establish an economically sustainable closed loop that supports the continued use of water heritage, representing a typical model for integrating culture into traditional water engineering. The second employs low-intensity symbolic interventions under geographical and ecological constraints, emphasizing institutional continuity and the preservation of authenticity, and thus offers a useful reference for water projects in ecologically sensitive areas. The third coordinates policy responsiveness, cultural decoding, and market feedback to generate synergistic ecological, economic, and social value, making it particularly applicable to strategic water projects and comprehensive water-governance initiatives.
2026,44(4):114-120
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.013
Abstract:
Public-welfare water conservancy projects in China often suffer market-oriented financing failure because positive externalities spill over while direct financial returns remain inadequate.Based on new institutional economics, this study integrates institutional logic theory, resource dependence theory, transaction cost theory, and the resource-based view into a progressive framework of governance structure, resource bundling, and value capture.A multi-case comparison and systematic text coding of five projects show that strong hybrid governance is the prerequisite for reducing cross-departmental transaction costs and coordinating public-service and market logics; strategically bundling public-welfare projects with operational resources that are valuable, rare, and inimitable converts public-welfare costs into operating revenues; and externalities are internalized through spatial value manifestation and industrial agglomeration.Paired comparisons further indicate that governance strength and operational resource attributes have independent but complementary effects.
Public-welfare water conservancy projects in China often suffer market-oriented financing failure because positive externalities spill over while direct financial returns remain inadequate.Based on new institutional economics, this study integrates institutional logic theory, resource dependence theory, transaction cost theory, and the resource-based view into a progressive framework of governance structure, resource bundling, and value capture.A multi-case comparison and systematic text coding of five projects show that strong hybrid governance is the prerequisite for reducing cross-departmental transaction costs and coordinating public-service and market logics; strategically bundling public-welfare projects with operational resources that are valuable, rare, and inimitable converts public-welfare costs into operating revenues; and externalities are internalized through spatial value manifestation and industrial agglomeration.Paired comparisons further indicate that governance strength and operational resource attributes have independent but complementary effects.
2026,44(4):121-129, 137
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.014
Abstract:
Water-tourism integration combines the protection, development, and utilization of water resources with tourism development. It integrates resources such as water areas, aquatic ecosystems, water culture, and water conservancy projects to create high-end tourism products and services, promoting comprehensive rural revitalization and advancing common prosperity. This study employs the literature review method to examine the connotations and evolutionary trajectory of water-tourism integration, and takes the Zhejiang practice as a typical case for research. The results show that water-tourism integration presents the following challenges in advancing rural common prosperity:inadequate industrial coordination, superficial cultural exploration, excessive pressure on ecological carrying capacity, misaligned governance mechanisms, and unequal benefit distribution.Zhejiang province, a national pioneer in initiating the well-being rivers and lakes initiative, advances high-quality development of water-tourism integration through coordinated efforts in ecological preservation, cultural enrichment, market development, institutional innovation, governance enhancement, and technology empowerment. This study examines the logic of how high-quality water-tourism integration advances rural common prosperity through the dimensions of developmental attributes, community ethos, sustainability, and shared benefits. It further identifies future research priorities regarding policy recommendations, market-government synergy, performance metrics for integration, governance framework optimization, and cross-regional comparative studies.
Water-tourism integration combines the protection, development, and utilization of water resources with tourism development. It integrates resources such as water areas, aquatic ecosystems, water culture, and water conservancy projects to create high-end tourism products and services, promoting comprehensive rural revitalization and advancing common prosperity. This study employs the literature review method to examine the connotations and evolutionary trajectory of water-tourism integration, and takes the Zhejiang practice as a typical case for research. The results show that water-tourism integration presents the following challenges in advancing rural common prosperity:inadequate industrial coordination, superficial cultural exploration, excessive pressure on ecological carrying capacity, misaligned governance mechanisms, and unequal benefit distribution.Zhejiang province, a national pioneer in initiating the well-being rivers and lakes initiative, advances high-quality development of water-tourism integration through coordinated efforts in ecological preservation, cultural enrichment, market development, institutional innovation, governance enhancement, and technology empowerment. This study examines the logic of how high-quality water-tourism integration advances rural common prosperity through the dimensions of developmental attributes, community ethos, sustainability, and shared benefits. It further identifies future research priorities regarding policy recommendations, market-government synergy, performance metrics for integration, governance framework optimization, and cross-regional comparative studies.
2026,44(4):130-137
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.015
Abstract:
Rural tourism, as a new business form in rural industries, has become an effective approach to addressing the “Three Rural Issues” (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and promoting integrated urban-rural development. The high-quality factors of rural tourism requires the dynamic synergy between endogenous and exogenous factors, with endogenous development being the key to achieving sustainable rural tourism and rural revitalization. The neo-endogenous development theory focuses on rural resource utilization, residents’ participation, and local identity, making it inherently compatible with the high-quality development of rural tourism. Based on the three dimensions of subject synergy, resource integration, and spatial linkage, this paper constructs a practical dimension system and an analytical framework for neo-endogenous development in rural tourism. It then analyzes the dilemmas facing the neo-endogenous development of water-based ecotourism in the Lixiahe area, including the imbalanced participation among multiple stakeholders, insufficient exploitation of both internal and external resource values, and backwardness in technological application and smart upgrading. Accordingly, it proposes a threepronged optimization strategy: establishing a collaborative network grounded in the principle of “coconstruction, cogovernance, and shared benefits” to safeguard the dominant position of farmers; activating the composite value of internal and external resources to enhance industrial resilience; and leveraging technologyenabled “virtual-real integration” to expand the spatiotemporal boundaries of rural areas.
Rural tourism, as a new business form in rural industries, has become an effective approach to addressing the “Three Rural Issues” (agriculture, rural areas, and farmers) and promoting integrated urban-rural development. The high-quality factors of rural tourism requires the dynamic synergy between endogenous and exogenous factors, with endogenous development being the key to achieving sustainable rural tourism and rural revitalization. The neo-endogenous development theory focuses on rural resource utilization, residents’ participation, and local identity, making it inherently compatible with the high-quality development of rural tourism. Based on the three dimensions of subject synergy, resource integration, and spatial linkage, this paper constructs a practical dimension system and an analytical framework for neo-endogenous development in rural tourism. It then analyzes the dilemmas facing the neo-endogenous development of water-based ecotourism in the Lixiahe area, including the imbalanced participation among multiple stakeholders, insufficient exploitation of both internal and external resource values, and backwardness in technological application and smart upgrading. Accordingly, it proposes a threepronged optimization strategy: establishing a collaborative network grounded in the principle of “coconstruction, cogovernance, and shared benefits” to safeguard the dominant position of farmers; activating the composite value of internal and external resources to enhance industrial resilience; and leveraging technologyenabled “virtual-real integration” to expand the spatiotemporal boundaries of rural areas.
2026,44(4):138-146
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2026.04.016
Abstract:
Water culture is a vital component of Chinese culture and a crucial aspect of water conservancy development. In the era of digital intelligence, the dissemination of water culture requires profound transformation. Regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of digital intelligence empowering water culture dissemination, the driving mechanism propels the digital-intelligent transformation of water culture dissemination, the transmission mechanism integrates various digital-intelligent elements into water culture dissemination, and the effect mechanism fully demonstrates the digital-intelligent efficacy of water culture dissemination. However, current practices still face practical contradictions and tensions, such as insufficient technical adaptability and regional imbalances, superficial and homogenized contents, incomplete mechanisms for talent cultivation and motivation, imperfect mechanisms for policy safeguards and collaboration, and misaligned platform utilization and audience targeting.To further activate the digital-intelligent empowerment for water culture dissemination, it is necessary to adapt and popularize technologies, deepen and innovate contents, cultivate and incentivize talents, establish and improve mechanisms, and enhance dissemination efficacy.The deep integration of new technologies like artificial intelligence with water culture dissemination has achieved creative transformation and innovative development of water culture dissemination, injecting vitality into the inheritance and promotion of Chinese water culture.
Water culture is a vital component of Chinese culture and a crucial aspect of water conservancy development. In the era of digital intelligence, the dissemination of water culture requires profound transformation. Regarding the intrinsic mechanisms of digital intelligence empowering water culture dissemination, the driving mechanism propels the digital-intelligent transformation of water culture dissemination, the transmission mechanism integrates various digital-intelligent elements into water culture dissemination, and the effect mechanism fully demonstrates the digital-intelligent efficacy of water culture dissemination. However, current practices still face practical contradictions and tensions, such as insufficient technical adaptability and regional imbalances, superficial and homogenized contents, incomplete mechanisms for talent cultivation and motivation, imperfect mechanisms for policy safeguards and collaboration, and misaligned platform utilization and audience targeting.To further activate the digital-intelligent empowerment for water culture dissemination, it is necessary to adapt and popularize technologies, deepen and innovate contents, cultivate and incentivize talents, establish and improve mechanisms, and enhance dissemination efficacy.The deep integration of new technologies like artificial intelligence with water culture dissemination has achieved creative transformation and innovative development of water culture dissemination, injecting vitality into the inheritance and promotion of Chinese water culture.
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2020,38(1):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
2020,38(1):14-20, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.003
Abstract:
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
2020,38(1):36-41, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
2020,38(1):49-53, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.008
Abstract:
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
2020,38(1):29-35, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.005
Abstract:
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
2020,38(1):8-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
2020,38(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.03.001
Abstract:
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
2020,38(1):54-60, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.009
Abstract:
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
2020,38(2):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.02.001
Abstract:
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
2021,39(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
2020,38(1):21-28, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.004
Abstract:
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
2020,38(1):42-48, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.007
Abstract:
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
2020,38(1):61-67, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.010
Abstract:
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
2020,38(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.04.001
Abstract:
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
2019,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.001
Abstract:
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
2019,37(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.03.001
Abstract:
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
2021,39(1):6-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
2019,37(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.02.001
Abstract:
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
2017,35(6):33-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2017.06.007
Abstract:
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
2019,37(1):7-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.002
Abstract:
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
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