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2024,42(4):1-6 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.001
Abstract:
Based on labor theory of value and marginal utilitytheory of value, this paper proposed the marginal labor value determinism of value and established the theory and method for evaluating the economic value of multi-purpose water.The economic value of water should depend on the minimum value of water benefits for various use or the maximum value of water cost at the balance of supply and demand. Based on this theory, the economic value of raw water in Beijing was assessed. The results show that the economic value of water in Beijing is defined by agricultural water, and the estimated value of agricultural water benefit in Beijing is closer to the value of water. Combined with the South-to-North water price, which can be regarded as the marginal cost of water supply in Beijing, the economic value of raw water in Beijing in 2020 should be between 2.33 and 4.82 RMB Yuan per cubic meter.
Based on labor theory of value and marginal utilitytheory of value, this paper proposed the marginal labor value determinism of value and established the theory and method for evaluating the economic value of multi-purpose water.The economic value of water should depend on the minimum value of water benefits for various use or the maximum value of water cost at the balance of supply and demand. Based on this theory, the economic value of raw water in Beijing was assessed. The results show that the economic value of water in Beijing is defined by agricultural water, and the estimated value of agricultural water benefit in Beijing is closer to the value of water. Combined with the South-to-North water price, which can be regarded as the marginal cost of water supply in Beijing, the economic value of raw water in Beijing in 2020 should be between 2.33 and 4.82 RMB Yuan per cubic meter.
2024,42(4):7-13 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.002
Abstract:
The classification, principles, scope of application, and current research status of water resource valuation, pricing methods, and valuation approaches are systematically collated and analyzed, with the aim of helping policymakers and water resource managers to select and apply models to practical problems quickly. The analysis concludes that the research on the multiple values of water resources is still in the primary stage, and there is insufficient understanding of the various values of water resources. Most of the existing pricing studies start from a single perspective, which makes it difficult to comprehensively cover the social, market economic, and ecological conomy comprehensive value of water resources. At the same time, a single pricing method is not conducive to the realization of water-saving objectives. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the introduction of market mechanisms in water pricing reform through a more comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of value, multi-angle price setting, and in-depth investigation of pricing methods, especially focusing on the slower development of comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing, to achieve the sustainable use of water resources.
The classification, principles, scope of application, and current research status of water resource valuation, pricing methods, and valuation approaches are systematically collated and analyzed, with the aim of helping policymakers and water resource managers to select and apply models to practical problems quickly. The analysis concludes that the research on the multiple values of water resources is still in the primary stage, and there is insufficient understanding of the various values of water resources. Most of the existing pricing studies start from a single perspective, which makes it difficult to comprehensively cover the social, market economic, and ecological conomy comprehensive value of water resources. At the same time, a single pricing method is not conducive to the realization of water-saving objectives. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the introduction of market mechanisms in water pricing reform through a more comprehensive multi-dimensional assessment of value, multi-angle price setting, and in-depth investigation of pricing methods, especially focusing on the slower development of comprehensive reform of agricultural water pricing, to achieve the sustainable use of water resources.
2024,42(4):14-22 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.003
Abstract:
This study used the panel data of 30 provinces in China (except the Xizang Autonomous Region, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China) from 2010 to 2020, measured the development level of the digital economy by constructing an evaluation indicator system, and explored the water resources pressure and its spatial and temporal variations from the perspective of water quantity and quality based on the water footprint methodology. The impact of the digital economy on water resources pressure was further analyzed through a benchmark regression model and a spatial econometric model. The empirical results indicate that: The water stress index, the water stress based on the blue water footprint and the water quality stress based on the grey water footprint showed an overall trend of gradual increase. Also, the stress index in the eastern and central regions was generally higher than that in the western region. The development of the digital economy significantly reduces the regional water stress index, water quantity pressure and water quality pressure, and there is regional heterogeneity in the impact on the overall regional water stress, which is significant in the eastern and central regions, but not in the western region. The results of the spatial Durbin model test indicated that, the development of the digital economy not only reduced the water stress of the province but also had a negative spillover effect on the water stress of the surrounding provinces.
This study used the panel data of 30 provinces in China (except the Xizang Autonomous Region, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China) from 2010 to 2020, measured the development level of the digital economy by constructing an evaluation indicator system, and explored the water resources pressure and its spatial and temporal variations from the perspective of water quantity and quality based on the water footprint methodology. The impact of the digital economy on water resources pressure was further analyzed through a benchmark regression model and a spatial econometric model. The empirical results indicate that: The water stress index, the water stress based on the blue water footprint and the water quality stress based on the grey water footprint showed an overall trend of gradual increase. Also, the stress index in the eastern and central regions was generally higher than that in the western region. The development of the digital economy significantly reduces the regional water stress index, water quantity pressure and water quality pressure, and there is regional heterogeneity in the impact on the overall regional water stress, which is significant in the eastern and central regions, but not in the western region. The results of the spatial Durbin model test indicated that, the development of the digital economy not only reduced the water stress of the province but also had a negative spillover effect on the water stress of the surrounding provinces.
2024,42(4):23-29, 38 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.004
Abstract:
In order to address the urgent need to deal with the problem of urban waterlogging disaster in urban governance in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, on the basis of constructing an indicator system for assessing the resilience of urban waterlogging disaster, the spatial distribution, dimensional differences and heterogeneity of the waterlogging disaster resilience of the PRD urban agglomeration in 2022 are measured and analyzed using the CRITIC-TOPSIS combination model and the resilience development degree, and the obstacle model is adopted to identify the obstacle factors. The results show that the spatial distribution of waterlogging resilience in the PRD region decreases from Guangzhou and Shenzhen to the surrounding area, presenting the characteristics of “High in the center, low around the perimeter”. The development of each city in the dimensions of economy, society, ecology, infrastructure and population is significantly different. In the categories of resistance, adaptability and recovery to waterlogging disaster, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have the characteristics of “overall excellence”, and the development trend of the region is “echelon”. In addition, economic development is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Huizhou, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, social life is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan, and ecological environment is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Guangzhou and Zhuhai.
In order to address the urgent need to deal with the problem of urban waterlogging disaster in urban governance in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, on the basis of constructing an indicator system for assessing the resilience of urban waterlogging disaster, the spatial distribution, dimensional differences and heterogeneity of the waterlogging disaster resilience of the PRD urban agglomeration in 2022 are measured and analyzed using the CRITIC-TOPSIS combination model and the resilience development degree, and the obstacle model is adopted to identify the obstacle factors. The results show that the spatial distribution of waterlogging resilience in the PRD region decreases from Guangzhou and Shenzhen to the surrounding area, presenting the characteristics of “High in the center, low around the perimeter”. The development of each city in the dimensions of economy, society, ecology, infrastructure and population is significantly different. In the categories of resistance, adaptability and recovery to waterlogging disaster, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have the characteristics of “overall excellence”, and the development trend of the region is “echelon”. In addition, economic development is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Huizhou, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing, social life is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan, and ecological environment is the primary obstacle to the improvement of the resilience of waterlogging disasters in Guangzhou and Zhuhai.
2024,42(4):30-38 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.005
Abstract:
This paper used panel data of three major industries in 31 provinces (or autonomous regions) of China from 2011 to 2020, applied the production theory decomposition method, and selected the non radial distance functions in the multi-level common frontier DEA model to analyze water resource consumption and its policy influencing factors in China. The results show that the western region is gradually becoming the second largest water consuming region in China,and the consumption of water resources in China is shifting from “one, two, three” to “one,three,two” industrial water consumption trend. Among the proposed new decomposition factors, industrial structure adjustment is more conducive to promoting the reduction of water resource consumption in the western region, regional balanced development is more conducive to the reduction of water resource consumption in the central region,and market-oriented reform is more conducive to promoting the reduction of water resource consumption in the eastern region. Among all the decomposition factors,technical efficiency has the most prominent contribution to reducing water consumption. Based on this, policy recommendations are proposed to accelerate industrial structure adjustment,enhance the positive impact of industrial digitization and greening on water resource utilization.
This paper used panel data of three major industries in 31 provinces (or autonomous regions) of China from 2011 to 2020, applied the production theory decomposition method, and selected the non radial distance functions in the multi-level common frontier DEA model to analyze water resource consumption and its policy influencing factors in China. The results show that the western region is gradually becoming the second largest water consuming region in China,and the consumption of water resources in China is shifting from “one, two, three” to “one,three,two” industrial water consumption trend. Among the proposed new decomposition factors, industrial structure adjustment is more conducive to promoting the reduction of water resource consumption in the western region, regional balanced development is more conducive to the reduction of water resource consumption in the central region,and market-oriented reform is more conducive to promoting the reduction of water resource consumption in the eastern region. Among all the decomposition factors,technical efficiency has the most prominent contribution to reducing water consumption. Based on this, policy recommendations are proposed to accelerate industrial structure adjustment,enhance the positive impact of industrial digitization and greening on water resource utilization.
2024,42(4):39-46, 65 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Taking A-share water pollution-intensive listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2006 to 2022 as samples, this paper analyzes the impact of the pilot policy of water ecological civilization city construction on corporate green innovation by using the DID model. The results show that after the implementation of the pilot policy of water ecological civilization city construction, the level of green innovation of water pollution-intensive enterprises has been significantly improved to meet the requirements of operation legitimacy and environmental protection of stakeholders. Moreover, for industries with high water consumption, non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises located in cities with high economic development level and enterprises facing low environmental uncertainty, the micro-promotion effect of the pilot policy is more obvious. The mechanism analysis shows that compared with media attention, media pressure can positively regulate the relationship between the pilot construction of water ecological civilization city and corporate green innovation.
Taking A-share water pollution-intensive listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2006 to 2022 as samples, this paper analyzes the impact of the pilot policy of water ecological civilization city construction on corporate green innovation by using the DID model. The results show that after the implementation of the pilot policy of water ecological civilization city construction, the level of green innovation of water pollution-intensive enterprises has been significantly improved to meet the requirements of operation legitimacy and environmental protection of stakeholders. Moreover, for industries with high water consumption, non-state-owned enterprises, enterprises located in cities with high economic development level and enterprises facing low environmental uncertainty, the micro-promotion effect of the pilot policy is more obvious. The mechanism analysis shows that compared with media attention, media pressure can positively regulate the relationship between the pilot construction of water ecological civilization city and corporate green innovation.
2024,42(4):47-52 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.007
Abstract:
In order to promote the low-carbon construction of hydraulic engineering effectively,the carbon emission characteristics in the construction stage of hydraulic engineering and the carbon reduction measures and carbon management strategies throughout the construction stage are discussed through engineering survey and literature review. The results shows that the carbon reduction measures in the construction stage can focus on three aspects:reasonable selection of general building materials such as concrete and steel; application of carbon reduction technologies such as low-carbon construction methods, new energy and waste utilization and ecological carbon sequestration; optimization of low-carbon transport programs with consideration of water transport. In addition, a carbon management strategy is proposed based on comparison of low-carbon construction schemes as well as estimation, evaluation and dynamic management of carbon emission. Also, the carbon management safeguards recommendations are provided in the view of carbon accounting and carbon evaluation.
In order to promote the low-carbon construction of hydraulic engineering effectively,the carbon emission characteristics in the construction stage of hydraulic engineering and the carbon reduction measures and carbon management strategies throughout the construction stage are discussed through engineering survey and literature review. The results shows that the carbon reduction measures in the construction stage can focus on three aspects:reasonable selection of general building materials such as concrete and steel; application of carbon reduction technologies such as low-carbon construction methods, new energy and waste utilization and ecological carbon sequestration; optimization of low-carbon transport programs with consideration of water transport. In addition, a carbon management strategy is proposed based on comparison of low-carbon construction schemes as well as estimation, evaluation and dynamic management of carbon emission. Also, the carbon management safeguards recommendations are provided in the view of carbon accounting and carbon evaluation.
2024,42(4):53-58 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.008
Abstract:
In order to strengthen the compensation work for the ecological and environmental damage due to artificial soil erosion, further innovate the artificial soil erosion damage relief system, this paper analyzed the relief status of ecological environment damage from artificial soil erosion, put forward the “double investigation of one case” mechanism of administrative law enforcement and compensation for ecological and environmental damage. This paper analyzed the advantages of strengthening and cooperation between ecological and environmental damage compensation and administrative law enforcement, and pointed out that the “double investigation of one case” should follow the consistency of power and responsibility, disposal according to law, coordination and joint governance. By clarifying the subject of administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, clarifying the application of administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, and strengthening the coordination between administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, the mechanism system of double investigation of one case will be optimized and improved.
In order to strengthen the compensation work for the ecological and environmental damage due to artificial soil erosion, further innovate the artificial soil erosion damage relief system, this paper analyzed the relief status of ecological environment damage from artificial soil erosion, put forward the “double investigation of one case” mechanism of administrative law enforcement and compensation for ecological and environmental damage. This paper analyzed the advantages of strengthening and cooperation between ecological and environmental damage compensation and administrative law enforcement, and pointed out that the “double investigation of one case” should follow the consistency of power and responsibility, disposal according to law, coordination and joint governance. By clarifying the subject of administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, clarifying the application of administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, and strengthening the coordination between administrative law enforcement and damage compensation, the mechanism system of double investigation of one case will be optimized and improved.
2024,42(4):59-65 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.009
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the characteristics, classification, and current situation of the “evironmental steward” service model, this paper analyzes the legal obstacles that restrict the promotion and application development of the “environmental steward”model, which is mainly based on industrial parks; it is suggested to further clarify the administrative and civil responsibilities of third-party environmental protection service enterprises, improve the relevant supporting systems in the legal framework of environmental protection, establish reasonable entry and exit mechanisms, innovate regulatory methods and supervision channels, and improve financial and tax support and financial financing mechanisms, so as to promote the comprehensive implementation and healthy development of the “environmental stewardship” service model in China, fully play its role in pollution control, and provide institutional guarantees for China’s ecological civilization construction.
Based on the analysis of the characteristics, classification, and current situation of the “evironmental steward” service model, this paper analyzes the legal obstacles that restrict the promotion and application development of the “environmental steward”model, which is mainly based on industrial parks; it is suggested to further clarify the administrative and civil responsibilities of third-party environmental protection service enterprises, improve the relevant supporting systems in the legal framework of environmental protection, establish reasonable entry and exit mechanisms, innovate regulatory methods and supervision channels, and improve financial and tax support and financial financing mechanisms, so as to promote the comprehensive implementation and healthy development of the “environmental stewardship” service model in China, fully play its role in pollution control, and provide institutional guarantees for China’s ecological civilization construction.
2024,42(4):66-71 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.010
Abstract:
The culture of the Grand Canal is a “living” culture, a “developing” culture, and a culture that embodies urbanity and people-centeredness. As a linear cultural heritage, the culture of the Grand Canal was nurtured and flourished during the formation of traditional cities and villages along its route. In recent years, the process of heritage preservation of the Grand Canal has further accelerated the extension and transformation of its functions and values. Promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of the Grand Canal culture requires paying attention to the overall nature of the Grand Canal culture, highlighting the cultural regionality of the river sections along the route, and fully considering the particularities of cultural heritage. By using the method of literature research and field investigation, this paper analyzes the value of urban development to the birth and evolution of the Grand Canal culture, and then sorts out the three types of cultural vitality contained in the Grand Canal culture. Research results show that the protection, inheritance, and utilization of the Grand Canal culture are inseparable from the development of the cities along its route, not only in the sense of the one-way empowerment of the Grand Canal on urban culture, but also in the sense of the re-enabling of the vitality of the Grand Canal culture by urban development. A case study from the Yuhang section of the Grand Canal in Hangzhou shows that the vitality of the Grand Canal culture can be re-enabling through modern urban planning and construction, including its natural vitality, economic vitality, and human vitality.
The culture of the Grand Canal is a “living” culture, a “developing” culture, and a culture that embodies urbanity and people-centeredness. As a linear cultural heritage, the culture of the Grand Canal was nurtured and flourished during the formation of traditional cities and villages along its route. In recent years, the process of heritage preservation of the Grand Canal has further accelerated the extension and transformation of its functions and values. Promoting the creative transformation and innovative development of the Grand Canal culture requires paying attention to the overall nature of the Grand Canal culture, highlighting the cultural regionality of the river sections along the route, and fully considering the particularities of cultural heritage. By using the method of literature research and field investigation, this paper analyzes the value of urban development to the birth and evolution of the Grand Canal culture, and then sorts out the three types of cultural vitality contained in the Grand Canal culture. Research results show that the protection, inheritance, and utilization of the Grand Canal culture are inseparable from the development of the cities along its route, not only in the sense of the one-way empowerment of the Grand Canal on urban culture, but also in the sense of the re-enabling of the vitality of the Grand Canal culture by urban development. A case study from the Yuhang section of the Grand Canal in Hangzhou shows that the vitality of the Grand Canal culture can be re-enabling through modern urban planning and construction, including its natural vitality, economic vitality, and human vitality.
2024,42(4):72-78 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.011
Abstract:
The culture of the Grand Canal is an important part of China’s excellent traditional culture, and efforts should be made to protect, inherit and utilize it, so that the ancient Grand Canal can radiate a new look of the times. This paper analyzed 276 provincial-level cultural heritage conservation entities located within the Jiangsu segment of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Employing spatial geographic analysis techniques, including point kernel density analysis and the centre of gravity migration model, alongside analytical instruments such as ArcGIS and GeoProbe, this study meticulously scrutinizes the historical evolution, spatial distribution patterns, and typological attributes of these units.The findings reveal a temporal trend characterized by a pronounced oscillatory movement in the quantity of heritage conservation units, delineated as a “low-high-low” pattern. Spatially, these units exhibit a “gathering-spreading-gathering”configuration. The spatial disposition of cultural heritage entities is discernibly belt-shaped. In terms of attributional explanation, the water system indicators under the natural dimension, and the cultural and economic indicators under the social dimension have high explanatory power for the differences in the distribution of cultural heritage protection units. Thus, the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in the Jiangsu segment of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal should be further strengthened in terms of cultural heritage living inheritance and regional sustainable development, ecological civilization construction and cultural heritage integration practice.
The culture of the Grand Canal is an important part of China’s excellent traditional culture, and efforts should be made to protect, inherit and utilize it, so that the ancient Grand Canal can radiate a new look of the times. This paper analyzed 276 provincial-level cultural heritage conservation entities located within the Jiangsu segment of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Employing spatial geographic analysis techniques, including point kernel density analysis and the centre of gravity migration model, alongside analytical instruments such as ArcGIS and GeoProbe, this study meticulously scrutinizes the historical evolution, spatial distribution patterns, and typological attributes of these units.The findings reveal a temporal trend characterized by a pronounced oscillatory movement in the quantity of heritage conservation units, delineated as a “low-high-low” pattern. Spatially, these units exhibit a “gathering-spreading-gathering”configuration. The spatial disposition of cultural heritage entities is discernibly belt-shaped. In terms of attributional explanation, the water system indicators under the natural dimension, and the cultural and economic indicators under the social dimension have high explanatory power for the differences in the distribution of cultural heritage protection units. Thus, the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage in the Jiangsu segment of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal should be further strengthened in terms of cultural heritage living inheritance and regional sustainable development, ecological civilization construction and cultural heritage integration practice.
2024,42(4):79-85 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.012
Abstract:
WeChat public number is one of the important channels for water conservancy information dissemination and user interaction. Based on the perspective of intelligent governance, we systematically analyse the types and forms of WeChat public account and other dissemination data of the seven watershed management agencies under the Ministry of Water Resources, and analyse the dissemination status and the real dilemmas of WeChat public number of the river basin management agencies. The results of the study show that the official WeChat public numbers of the seven major river basin management agencies can actively respond to social concerns, and play an irreplaceable role in disseminating major conferences and industry policies, but there are also difficulties such as hollowing out of the governmental functions and barriers to resource sharing. To this end,it was pointed out that the water conservancy industry in the construction of new media need to further grasp the laws of communication,to create integrated media matrix,strengthen the interaction of government affairs and innovative mode of expression.
WeChat public number is one of the important channels for water conservancy information dissemination and user interaction. Based on the perspective of intelligent governance, we systematically analyse the types and forms of WeChat public account and other dissemination data of the seven watershed management agencies under the Ministry of Water Resources, and analyse the dissemination status and the real dilemmas of WeChat public number of the river basin management agencies. The results of the study show that the official WeChat public numbers of the seven major river basin management agencies can actively respond to social concerns, and play an irreplaceable role in disseminating major conferences and industry policies, but there are also difficulties such as hollowing out of the governmental functions and barriers to resource sharing. To this end,it was pointed out that the water conservancy industry in the construction of new media need to further grasp the laws of communication,to create integrated media matrix,strengthen the interaction of government affairs and innovative mode of expression.
2024,42(4):86-92 DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2024.04.013
Abstract:
High-quality development is a priority for the construction and management of water park in the new stage, and linear regression studies are difficult to explain the complexity of high-quality development. Adopting configuration analysis, this paper analyzed the complex causal relationship between four antecedent variables, namely management and operation, safety management, ecological protection, cultural excavation and utilization and the social, economic, ecological, and comprehensive benefits, the fuzzy set of 93 Yellow River Basin National Water Park was qualitatively compared and analyzed. Studies have shown that single conditions are not necessary for the generation of benefits; a combination of conditions contribute to the full realization of benefits, and cultural excavation and utilization contribute the least to the generation of benefits compared to management and operation, safety management and ecological protection. There are three modes of high-quality development of water park: management mode, management and ecological protection model, and ecological and cultural protection mode. Scenic areas with high management and operation and high safety management, scenic areas with high management and operation and high ecological protection, and scenic areas with high ecological protection and high cultural excavation and utilization help promote the high-quality development of water park.
High-quality development is a priority for the construction and management of water park in the new stage, and linear regression studies are difficult to explain the complexity of high-quality development. Adopting configuration analysis, this paper analyzed the complex causal relationship between four antecedent variables, namely management and operation, safety management, ecological protection, cultural excavation and utilization and the social, economic, ecological, and comprehensive benefits, the fuzzy set of 93 Yellow River Basin National Water Park was qualitatively compared and analyzed. Studies have shown that single conditions are not necessary for the generation of benefits; a combination of conditions contribute to the full realization of benefits, and cultural excavation and utilization contribute the least to the generation of benefits compared to management and operation, safety management and ecological protection. There are three modes of high-quality development of water park: management mode, management and ecological protection model, and ecological and cultural protection mode. Scenic areas with high management and operation and high safety management, scenic areas with high management and operation and high ecological protection, and scenic areas with high ecological protection and high cultural excavation and utilization help promote the high-quality development of water park.
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2020,38(1):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
Based on the theory of virtual water trade, the status of the virtual water trade of agricultural product between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” during the period from 2007 to 2016 is analyzed. The relevant influencing factors are analyzed by using the extended gravity model. The results show that from 2007 to 2016, the virtual water volume of agricultural products trade between China and the countries along “Belt and Road” is a deficit, and the average annual net import volume is 11. 789 billion m3. Among the influencing factors for the virtual water trade of agricultural products between China and the countries along “Belt and Road”, the most significant positive driving factors are infrastructure construction, exchange rate level, entry to WTO and regional integration process, and the most important reverse ones are geographic distance and tariff level. China has the positive advantages of agricultural labor.
2020,38(1):36-41, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
Based on the LMDI method of aggregate of the sum of polynomial multiplication and vector form, the decomposition framework of population-residential consumption-water intensity in the process of urbanization is established, and the factors influencing the water consumption from 2003 to 2016 are analyzed. The research shows that expansion and urbanization of population positively promote the growth of water consumption, and the effect of the former is stronger than that of the latter. The improvement of residents' consumption level is the absolute leading factor driving the growth of water consumption. The optimization and upgrading of residential consumption structure and the increase of residential consumption rate can effectively suppress the consumption of water resources, and the effect of the former is more significant. The decline in water consumption is mainly due to the advancement of industrial technology. The growth of households' water consumption mainly comes from the effect of water intensity of life. It is further pointed out that we should reasonably control the size and movement of population, accelerate the optimization and upgrading of residents' consumption structure, focus on strengthening the innovation of industrial technology, deepen the potential of agricultural water-saving efficiency, and enhance residential consumption rate to achieve relative water saving under the given economic scale.
2020,38(1):14-20, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.003
Abstract:
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
From the demand of balance sheet compilation and asset management of water resources, the limitation of the current balance sheet compilation of water resources is discussed by regarding the regions as the subject. On this basis, according to the water administrative system in China, from the three levels of state(water conservancy project management departments, rivers and river basins), regions and enterprises, the multiple subjects of balance sheet compilation of water resources are studied. The roles of different subjects in compiling balance sheet of water resources are analyzed from the aspects of reflecting the development and management objectives of water resource assets, revealing the relationship between supply and demand of water resource assets, improving the level of water resource assets, and making decision of regional future industrial planning and development. This study is conducive to further promoting the preparation of the balance sheet of water resources, meeting the needs of improving the management level of water resource assets, improving the national economic accounting system, introducing the outgoing audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres and ecological civilization construction.
2020,38(1):49-53, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.008
Abstract:
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
By analyzing the process of agricultural water price reform in China, the stakeholders involved in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price are divided into four categories of influencers, bearers, implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy facilities based on the stakeholder theory. Their powers and interests are analyzed to clarify the intrinsic relationship among the stakeholders in the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price. It is pug forward that the influencers of agricultural water price will help to improve the bearers' cooperation by improving the reform environment. The cooperation between them will help to optimize the interests of both parties. The operational efficiency of implementers of agricultural water price and managers of farmland water conservancy has an important regulatory effect on the interests of influencers and bearers of agricultural water price, but the operational efficiency requires a certain amount of financial support. Finally, some reasonable suggestions for the comprehensive reform of agricultural water price in China are given.
2020,38(1):29-35, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.005
Abstract:
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
In order to explore its application benefits, an evaluation index system for the application benefit of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established from the perspectives of economy, resources and energy, technology and management on the basis of literature reading. Firstly, using the SEM idea, a questionnaire survey is used to conduct the confirmatory factor analysis of the evaluation system, and thus the index weights are obtained accordingly. Secondly, an evaluation model for the application benefits of BIM in hydraulic engineering is established by using the cloud matter-element theory. Finally, a case study of a water conservancy project in Guangxi Province is carried out. The results show that the level of application benefits of BIM is Grade 3 with good benefits. Accordingly, the relevant suggestions are put forward to promote the further development of BIM in hydraulic engineering.
2020,38(1):8-13, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
Based on the provincial panel data of the mainland China from 2000 to 2015, a threshold model is established to explore the relationship among industrial structure, technological progress and industrial wastewater discharge. The results show that: The influences of characteristics of the industrial structure on the industrial wastewater discharge are restricted by the double threshold effects of the technological progress, and when the technological progress is higher than the second threshold, the increase of the industrial economic proportion is no longer dependent on a greater increase in the industrial wastewater discharge. As a threshold variable, the technological progress in different regions of China has significant differences. The technological progress in the eastern, central and western regions has a decrease trend. The other influencing factors such as population size, output level and opening degree all play significant positive roles in promoting the industrial wastewater discharge, while the technological progress inhibits the industrial wastewater discharge. On this basis, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward so as to reduce the level of regional industrial wastewater discharge and realize the goal of green development of industrial economy: improving the scientific and technological innovation system, increasing the investment in scientific and technological research and development, and constructing the compensation mechanism of trans-regional ecological technology.
2020,38(2):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.02.001
Abstract:
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
The construction and management of national water parks is an important part of realizing water ecological civilization and beautiful China. The protection of national water parks requires an assessment of their non-market economic values(use values and non-use values). Based on the single-bound and double-bound dichotomous contingent valuation method techniques, the use values and non-use values of Yimenghu National Water Park are quantitatively evaluated. Four econometric models containing logistic, log-logistic, normal and log-normal are applied through questionnaire data. The results showed that: (1)The Yimenghu National Water Park is of high use values and non-use values. (2)The evaluated results of log-logistic and log-normal econometric models are more reliable in the double-bound dichotomous CVM technique. (3)The respondents are willing to participate in protection in the form of donations to non-profit organizations. The assessment achievements are helpful for the cost-benefit analysis of the protection and sustainable management policies of water parks.
2020,38(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.03.001
Abstract:
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
The remaining 30 provinces of China except Tibet are divided into three parts, east, middle and west based on the SBM model and the ML index. The static and dynamic changes of green efficiency of water resources are analyzed, and the Theil index is used to analyze the spatial distribution differences of green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various provinces. The results show that: (1)The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in China varies from province to province, indicating a slow rising trend. The green efficiency of utilization of water resources in different regions shows a pattern of in the east>middle>west. (2)The technological progress index is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water resource. (3)The difference in green efficiency of utilization of water resources among various regions is much higher than that within the regions, and the eastern part has the largest contribution rate.
2020,38(1):54-60, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.009
Abstract:
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
Based on the SBM-DEA model with effective efficiency frontier(optimistic)and inefficiency frontier(pessimistic), the agricultural water use efficiency of China's 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)from 2003 to 2017 is evaluated, and the Tobit model is used to analyze its influencing factors. The results show that the optimistic efficiency of China's agricultural water use has a small increase trend, and the pessimistic efficiency exhibits a decrease-increase-decrease-increase trend. The overall efficiency is not high. The difference in water use efficiency between different agricultural water zones is small. The high agricultural water use area has the highest agricultural water use efficiency, the middle agricultural water use area has the middle agricultural water use efficiency, and the low agricultural water use area has the lowest agricultural water use efficiency. The proportion of the value added of the primary industry in the regional GDP, the water-saving irrigation technology and the total storage capacity of reservoirs significantly positively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency. While the endowment of water resources and regional education level significantly negatively correlate with the agricultural water use efficiency.
2020,38(1):21-28, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.004
Abstract:
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
The water resources are the important natural resources to maintain human life and social development. The balance sheet of water resources is an important component of the balance sheet of the natural resources. The compilation of the balance sheet of water resources is conducive to timely grasping the dynamic change of occupancy, use, consumption, recovery and value-added of water resource assets in economic and social development. A framework for accounting the balance sheet of water resources is established based on the concepts of assets and liabilities of water resources. It is of great significance to the compilation of balance sheet of water resources in a watershed.
2020,38(1):42-48, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.007
Abstract:
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
Based on the establishment of trans-logarithmic production function of agriculture which includes investment in farmland water conservancy, the stochastic frontier approach is used to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)of China from 1996 to 2015. The spatial characteristics of the total factor productivity of agriculture and the influences of investment in farmland water conservancy are analyzed. The results show that the growth of the total factor productivity in China generally has an increasing trend. The horizontal and vertical analyses shows that the growth has regional property and regional agglomeration. The influences of investment in farmland water conservancy infrastructure on the total factor productivity of agriculture are positive, and they have weak spillover effect. Among them, the direct, indirect and total effects are 0. 2865, 0. 0574 and 0. 3439, respectively.
2021,39(1):1-5, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.001
Abstract:
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
Based on the mechanism of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry under the innovation-driven background, the intermediary effect of innovation on the relationship between environmental regulation and manufacturing industry transformation is empirically studied using the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2016. The results show that the effect of environmental regulation on the transformation of manufacturing industry has a double threshold effect under the innovation-driven background. In different ranges of innovation-driven background, the effect of environmental regulation on transformation of manufacturing industry has different directions and degrees. Therefore, attention should be paid to the synergy of innovation-driven background and environmental regulation, and the environmental regulation policies should be formulated according to local conditions. Simultaneously, the following measures should be taken to realize the transformation of manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: rational allocation of fixed assets, increase of investment in education, guidance for the direction of financial expenditure, strict examination of the threshold of foreign investment access, and introduction of advanced technology.
2020,38(1):61-67, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.01.010
Abstract:
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
Taking Suzhou City and Suqian City as examples, the dynamic changes and obstacles of the carrying capacity of the transfer and receiving regions of water environment during the industrial transfer process are discussed based on the TOPSIS method of Vague sets so as to provide theoretical guidance. The study shows that with the advancement of industrial transfer, the carrying capacities of water environment in Suzhou City and Suqian City have an increasing trend and have achieved a win-win relationship. Although the overall carrying capacity of water environment in Suzhou Sity is higher than that of Suqian City, the increase rate is significantly smaller. In terms of the obstacles, the main obstacles in Suzhou City are concentrated in the resource subsystem and environmental subsystem, while those in Suqian City are concentrated in the economic subsystem and resource subsystem, which need to be optimized and improved.
2020,38(4):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2020.04.001
Abstract:
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
In the background of the protection of Yangtze River, realizing high-efficient development of green ecology should be taken as part of the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Therefore, focusing on the evaluation and improvement of hydropower energy efficiency in Yangtze River and comprehensively considering social, economic and environmental factors, an input-output index system is established. Based on the hydropower-related panel data of the various provinces along Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the DEA method is used to evaluate the hydropower energy efficiency of each region. The results show that the hydropower energy efficiency of Yangtze River Economic Belt is at high level as a whole, and Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province are the “benchmarking” regions. The index efficient score of the urban agglomeration in the middle and upper reaches of Yangtze River is generally high. Different provinces have different energy efficiency improvement directions, that is, Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province should reduce the investment in human capital, while Anhui Province and Jiangxi Province should increase the equipment utilization hours of the installed hydropower, and Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province firstly should develop local economy with high quality and improve the rate of return of the fixed asset investment. Some suggestions are put forward: development of hydropower with high quality, rigid constraint of water resources, establishment of green hydropower certification system, improvement of investment subsidy system, optimization of the balance between supply and demand, and training of high-level talents.
2019,37(1):1-6, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.001
Abstract:
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
The fairness of water utilization in Hubei Province is analyzed from the three aspects of water resource endowment, water for production and domestic water. The Gini coefficients of total water consumption-water resource quantity, production water consumption-GDP, and domestic water consumption-population in Hubei Province in the spatial and temporal dimension are calculated. The results show that the total water consumption and water resource quantity of various cities in Hubei Province are very unevenly distributed, while the changes in the same area during 2006—2016 are uneven only in Xiaogan City and Suizhou City. During the 11 years of the research period, the fairness of water for production remains stable in the range of “relatively reasonable”, while in Wuhan City and Xiantao City with higher water efficiency, it is uneven. Therefore, to improve the water efficiency in the other regions is the best way to improve the fairness of water for production. The domestic water has reached the absolute fairness in both spatial and temporal dimensions.
2021,39(1):6-14, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2021.01.002
Abstract:
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
Based on the panel data of 9 provinces and 2 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2008 to 2017, the decoupling-PVAR two-stage model is used to analyze the evolution trend and impact mechanism of the relationship among new urbanization, upgradation of industrial structure and water pollution. This study shows that: The relationship among water pollution, new urbanization, and industrial structure exhibits the evolutionary trend of “expansion negative decoupling-strong decoupling”, indicating that the urbanization and industrialization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt have experienced “pollution first, then governance” at this stage, but ultimately achieved the dual goals of economic development and water pollution improvement. The results of impulse response and variance decomposition indicate that the water pollution control effect of new urbanization at this stage is not obvious, there is a clear negative relationship between water pollution and upgradation of industrial structure, and the former has a stronger explanatory effect on the latter. The variances of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt are decomposed, respectively, and it is found that there are obvious regional differences in the degree of mutual influences between the variables. The prevention and control policies for water pollution should be formulated according to specific situations.
2019,37(3):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.03.001
Abstract:
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
Based on the dynamic panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2016, the deepening level of financial capital is measured from the scale and structure of capital supply. The quality of economic development is measured by using the five dimensions of effectiveness, stability, coordination, sustainability and sharing of economic growth. The influences of deepening the financial capital on the quality of economic growth are investigated by means of the estimation method of system GMM model. The results show that the current scale of capital supply has inhibitory effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of bank capital and insurance capital has positive effects on the quality of economic growth. The deepening of security capital has no significant effects on the quality of economic growth. There are regional differences in the effects of deepening financial capital on the quality of economic growth.
2019,37(2):1-7, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.02.001
Abstract:
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
The degrees of human-water harmony in 31 provinces of China from 2007 to 2016 are evaluated, and the DEA model is used to calculate the total factor utilization efficiency of water resources. The Tobit model is employed to investigate the effect of utilization efficiency of water resources on human-water harmony. The empirical results show that in recent years, the degrees of human-water harmony and the utilization efficiency of water resources in China have an increasing trend. Both the intensity control policy and the total control policy have effectively improved the degrees of human-water harmony in China, and the combined intensity-total control policy has a better efficiency. The improvement of utilization efficiency of water resources promotes the degrees of human-water harmony in the central and western regions, but not in the eastern regions. This is due to the differences in the development level, technological progress and natural environment between the eastern and central and western regions. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.
2019,37(1):7-12, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2019.01.002
Abstract:
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
According to the input-output tables of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area in 2002, 2007 and 2012, using the social network analysis its industrial linkage network is formulated from the perspective of water resource input-output. The relevant indices such as characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, centrality and cohesive subgroup are calculated, and the industrial linkages in the total Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai area and various provinces and city are compared and analyzed. The results show that there is a small-world property and high network density with close industrial linkage. The chemical industry representing the industrial sector is of outstanding centrality and is the central industry in the area, and the status of service sector has increased, but the disproportion is even more prominent. Now eight cohesive subgroups are formed, and the linkage between their industrial sectors, which indicates the trend of development is clustering. Some suggestions are put forward in order to promote the balanced and sustainable development under water resource constraints, such as saving and using water intensively on central industry, improving the utilization of water resources, formulating different policies on water resources and promoting industry integration.
2017,35(6):33-37, DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1003-9511.2017.06.007
Abstract:
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
The PPP water conservancy project is of long project cycle, large investment and high risk characteristics. Based on the idea of fuzzy mathematics, the evaluation model for option of PPP water conservancy projects is established under fuzzy condition, and the fuzzy option value of projects under staged construction and the change of the whole project value under fuzzy decision-making condition are quantitatively evaluated. Combined with case analysis, the key influence factors of the fuzzy option value are found, and it is emphasized that the implementation of PPP water conservancy projects should focus on the management of cash flow value. The results will help the government and social capital to fully understand the project value, and actively participate in the implementation of projects and reasonably response to potential uncertain factors.
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