The trigger factors and rules of safety accidents of Russia’s hydraulic structures from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed, and the current situation and main characteristics of safety supervision were also studied. Compared with 2009, the total number of hydraulic engineering constructions and the number of ownerless water resources constructions decreased by 37. 8% and 50%, respectively in 2019. The proportion of water resources constructions in the total number of hydraulic engineering constructions increased from 78. 9% in 2009 to 94. 2% in 2019. The accident occurred sporadically with time. Dam break accidents caused by overtopping and piping accounted for 80% of the total accidents, and the dam break rate was 0. 0143% in 2017. About 40% of the accidents occurred in the Southern Federal District. About 80% of the hydraulic engineering constructions in accidents were small and medium-sized reservoir dams. The main factors leading to the accidents were human unsafe behavior and management loopholes.