The evaluation system and model of agricultural resilience index in Henan Province were constructed based on the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN) model developed by University of Notre Dame, and the entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of each factor. The environment of agricultural resilience in Henan from the aspects of vulnerability and preparation degree was investigated respectively. The evolution, spatial distribution and main influencing factors of agricultural resilience in 18 cities of Henan Province from 2010 to 2018 was discussed, and the spatial map of the resilience grades was drawn by ArcGIS software. The results show that the general agricultural resilience of Henan Province is on the rise but however, except for Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang, the overall level of agricultural resilience is still low with significant regional differences. The overall trend is high in the west, low in the southeast and weaker in the north and south, among which Zhengzhou and Hebi has the highest and lowest comprehensive score respectively. The difference in vulnerability index is relatively small, and the difference in readiness index is relatively large, which is the main reason for the obvious difference of agricultural disaster resistance.