To efficiently invert seepage parameters, a multi-factor sensitivity analysis was used to study the sensitivity rank of the materials in the anti-seepage system and surface bedrock based on the seepage control characteristics based on a finite element seepage analysis model of the extra-high core rockfill dam at Changheba Hydropower Station. The results show that the surface bedrock and main anti-seepage curtain have a large impact on the reduced head ratios of the double cut-off walls, with a range of 0.174 and 0.125, respectively. The sensitivity of other anti-seepage structures is weak and the sensitivity ranging from strong to weak is the secondary anti-seepage curtain, the secondary cut-off wall, the main cut-off wall, and the core wall. The error between the inversion and measured values is less than 5%, which meets the engineering application requirements.