With the intensification of environmental changes and the rapid progress of science and technology, China’s water disaster prevention and control cause is facing new opportunities and challenges. In order to deeply understand the management and prevention of water disasters, combined with the important needs of national water disaster prevention, the process of water disaster management in China was sorted out and divided into stages, and the necessity of harmonious prevention and control and intelligent simulation research of water disasters (including drought, flood and water environmental pollution) was put forward. Under this background, the research framework of harmonious prevention and control and intelligent simulation of water disasters was put forward from six aspects: guiding ideology, theoretical basis, key issues, research content, application practice and development strategy research, and the future research prospect was put forward from three aspects: theoretical perfection of water disaster prevention and control, research on harmonious prevention and control of water disasters and exploration of intelligent application prospect, with a view to providing business support for water disaster prevention and control and high-quality development.