The problem of groundwater overexploitation is prominent in the Huaihe River Basin and Shandong Peninsula region. This paper analyzes the situation of groundwater overexploitation in this region from aspects such as groundwater development and utilization trend, dynamic change of water level, and ecological and environmental geological problems. The causes of groundwater overexploitation are analyzed from aspects such as water resources endowment conditions, water resources carrying capacity, urban water demand changes, and groundwater supervision ability. In view of the existing problems in groundwater dual control index system, monitoring and measurement, information supervision and other aspects, this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the perspective of strengthening the unified management of groundwater resources in the basin.