Based on the remote sensing data of underlying surfaces and high-resolution DEM data in Shandong Province in 2020, the underlying surface factors affecting runoff were investigated, and the land surface type for runoff concentration was classified according to geomorphology-land use combinations. The land surface types for runoff concentration of 53 sub-basins with different areas in Shandong Province were analyzed. According to China’s 1∶1 000 000 digital geomorphological classification programme and considering the actual geomorphological situation in Shandong Province, the geomorphological types of Shandong Province were mainly divided into three types: plains, hills and mountains, with critical relief amplitude of land surface values of 30 and 100 m between plains, hills and mountains, and corresponding critical slope values of 1.8° and 5°. Based on the land use classification system of China’s multi-period land use remote sensing monitoring dataset, land use in Shandong Province was finally classified into eight major categories,with arable land being categorized into paddy field and dry filed, and bare land being listed separately. By combining the geomorphological and land use classification results, 22 land surface types for runoff concentration in Shandong Province were obtained, such as plain-dry field, plain-construction land, and hill-dry field, among which the area of plain-dry field accounted for the largest proportion of area. The average classification results show that as the sub-basin area increases, the number of land surface types for runoff concentration increases until it reaches stability, while the percentage of land surface type for runoff concentration with maximum area decreases until it reaches stability.