轮作期内冬小麦不同灌溉制度对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2025.04.014

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轮作期内冬小麦不同灌溉制度对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响

DOI:

10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2025.04.014

作者:

作者单位:

(1.太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原030024;2.中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038;3.国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心,北京100038;4.河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000 )

作者简介:

孟娇(1999—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事节水灌溉研究。E-mail:1428921371@qq.com

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

S274.1

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3900602)

Effects of different irrigation regimes for winter wheat on water use efficiency of summer maize during rotation period

Author:

Affiliation:

(1.College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China;2.State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;3.National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing 100038, China;4.Dryland Farming Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui 053000, China)

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摘要:

为研究华北平原黑龙港流域轮作期内冬小麦不同灌溉制度对雨养旱作夏玉米水分利用效率的影响,在冬小麦生长季设置5种灌溉制度:IS0(不灌水)、IS1(拔节期灌水)、IS2(拔节和扬花期灌水)、IS3(起身、扬花和灌浆期灌水)和IS4(起身、拔节、扬花和灌浆期灌水),分析了冬小麦季不同灌溉制度对后茬作物夏玉米生长期间土壤水分动态变化、有效降雨利用、耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响,并通过TOPSIS-熵权法对耗水量、降雨利用率、产量和水分利用效率4个指标进行综合评价。结果表明:夏玉米季0~30.cm土层的含水率最低,30~60.cm土层的含水率最高,60~100.cm土层的含水率较低；夏玉米生长季的降雨利用率随冬小麦灌溉次数的增加而降低,IS0的降雨利用率最高,达54.31%,IS1、IS2、IS3、IS4分别较IS0降低了7.81%、24.98%、27.49%、28.32%；随着冬小麦灌溉次数的增加,夏玉米季的总耗水量呈增加趋势,IS1、IS2、IS3、IS4的耗水量分别较IS0提高了5.98%、7.23%、14.35%、20.77%；除IS2外,夏玉米的籽粒产量整体上随冬小麦灌溉次数的增加而增加,水分利用效率则随灌溉次数的增加而降低,其中IS2的籽粒产量和水分利用效率均最大,分别为17 593.87.kg/hm²和3.43.kg/m³；IS2的相对接近度约为0.60,相较其他灌溉制度更高,在灌溉制度评价上最优；冬小麦在拔节期和扬花期灌溉两次水(IS2,总灌水量为150 mm),在保证后茬作物夏玉米产量和轮作节水的同时还可以有效利用降雨,水分利用效率整体得到提升。

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes for winter wheat during the rotation period on the water use efficiency (WUE) of rainfed summer maize in the Heilonggang River Basin of the North China Plain, five irrigation regimes were established during the winter wheat growing season: with no irrigation (IS0), irrigation at the jointing stage (IS1), irrigation at jointing and flowering stages (IS2), irrigation at erecting, flowering, and grain filling stages (IS3), and irrigation at erecting, jointing, flowering, and grain filling stages (IS4). The study analyzed the impacts of these irrigation regimes on soil water dynamics, effective rainfall utilization, water consumption characteristics, yield, and WUE of subsequent summer maize. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the TOPSIS-entropy weight method based on four indicators: water consumption, rainfall utilization efficiency, yield, and WUE. The results show that soil water content during the summer maize season was lowest in the 0-30.cm layer, highest in the 30-60.cm layer, and relatively low in the 60-100.cm layer. Rainfall utilization efficiency during the summer maize growing season decreased with increasing winter wheat irrigation frequency. IS0 had the highest rainfall utilization efficiency of 54.31%, while IS1, IS2, IS3, and IS4 showed decreases of 7.81%, 24.98%, 27.49%, and 28.32%, respectively, compared to IS0. Total water consumption during the summer maize season increased with winter wheat irrigation frequency, with IS1, IS2, IS3, and IS4 increasing by 5.98%, 7.23%, 14.35%, and 20.77%, respectively, compared to IS0. Except for IS2, summer maize grain yield generally increased with winter wheat irrigation frequency, whereas WUE decreased. IS2 achieved the highest grain yield (17 593.87.kg/hm²) and WUE (3.43.kg/m³). IS2 had the highest relative closeness (approximately 0.60), making it the optimal irrigation regime. In conclusion, irrigating winter wheat twice during the jointing and flowering stages (IS2, with total irrigation of 150 mm) can ensure high summer maize yield while conserving water and effectively utilizing rainfall resources, thereby improving overall WUE during the crop rotation.

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孟娇,张晓涛,党红凯,等.轮作期内冬小麦不同灌溉制度对夏玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].水利水电科技进展,2025,45(4):102-110.(MENG Jiao, ZHANG Xiaotao, DANG Hongkai, et al. Effects of different irrigation regimes for winter wheat on water use efficiency of summer maize during rotation period[J]. Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2025,45(4):102-110.(in Chinese))

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收稿日期:2024-07-05
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