Given that the performance of hydraulic concrete directly affects the service function and operational safety of water conservancy and hydropower projects, this study reviews the progress in research of the laws and prediction methods concerning the influence of complex environments and complex components on the performance evolution of hydraulic concrete based on fundamental theories and new technologies for hydraulic concrete under complex conditions. The developments in new materials and technologies for hydraulic concrete are also introduced. In response to the current challenges in durability, as well as technical and economic performance of hydraulic concrete, key issues are put forward for further research, including multi-factor coupling effects, modern hydraulic concrete with complex components, and new technologies of the intelligent hydraulic concrete.