The existing problems of hump air lock and water hammer in the projects of submarine water supply pipeline are harmful to the water supply target. Therefore, bubble theory and flow method are used to analyze the cause of hump air lock. By using method of characteristics, we establish a water hammer model caused by pump power failure in water supply pipeline, and introduce the protective measures against water hammer in submarine water supply pipeline. In addition, we point out that the integration of air tank and pipeline is possible for the special advantage of air tank in submarine water supply system. Furthermore, we introduce the mathematical model of air tank. Likewise, we observe that it is mandatory to ensure the submarine pipeline layouts on smooth terrain and pay full attention to the air tank protect technology, which are the keys to achieve safe operation of submarine water supply pipeline.