Groundwater contamination risk assessment is not only an important component of groundwater environmental risk assessment, but also a significant link in prevention and control of groundwater contamination. In order to provide a thorough grasp of the current research status of groundwater contamination risk assessment, this paper summarizes and discusses relevant research achievements in groundwater contamination risk assessment based on many domestic and foreign publications and data. The paper first reviews the concept of groundwater contamination risk and outlines its characteristics and assessment process, then elaborates on the main research contents and specific methods of groundwater contamination risk assessment, and finally analyzes the existing shortcomings and points out that several research fields of groundwater contamination risk assessment should be emphasized in the future, such as the theoretical system of groundwater contamination risk, uncertainty analysis of groundwater contamination risk assessment, contamination risk division, and contamination risk management.