The influence of the dryingwetting alternation on environmental effects of the riparian zone is discussed from four aspects: the physical properties of soil, microbial activity and enzyme activity, growth and distribution of plants, and migration and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus. Further study on the response of environmental effects of the riparian zone to the dryingwetting alternation should be carried out from the aspects of microscopic mechanisms, the coupling of different mechanisms, and mathematical simulation.