Based on the daily precipitation records at 14 national meteorological stations in Poyang Lake Basin from 1961 to 2010, extreme precipitation events were identified using a threshold determined with the percentile method. The spatial and temporal changes of extreme precipitation were analyzed, and the trends were examined through linear regression. The results show that, during the period from 1961 to 2010, extreme precipitation showed larger changes than annual precipitation. The intensity of extreme heavy precipitation showed a significantly increasing trend, while the duration of extreme heavy precipitation events showed a significantly decreasing trend. The areas showing a significantly increasing trend were mainly located in the Ganjiang Basin and Fuhe Basin. Extreme precipitation in most stations in the Poyang Lake Basin did not show abrupt change. The extreme precipitation events showed a more concentrated trend on a temporal scale. These changes of extreme precipitation events will lead to more serious challenges for water resources management in the Poyang Lake Basin.