Considering that the systematic monitoring data for existing roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams is insufficient and some problems have been exposed for several projects during operating, such as the impacts of deformation of dam body and foundation on the safety of asphalt core wall, seepage and leakage, construction defects and so on, it is very necessary to summarize the experience of the engineering construction and design techniques for roller compacted asphalt concrete dams in time. According to the characteristics and development of roller compacted asphalt concrete core wall dams among earth and rockfill dams in Xinjiang for nearly 30 years, combined with the special environment and hydrogeological conditions of “severe freezing, high altitude, high earthquake intensity, deep overburden, and excessive sediment”, the construction technologies and applications of asphalt concrete core wall dams are summarized. Structural partitioning of the dam body, mechanical properties and durability of the core wall, application of the gravel aggregate, techniques of construction during cold weather and interlayer bonding, and techniques of seepage prevention treatment of deep overburden are reviewed. The achievements of dam construction are summarized and the technical development in the future as well as the problems for further study are proposed. Practice shows that asphalt concrete core wall dams of 100 m are safe in the severe natural environmental conditions in Xinjiang and it is absolutely possible to break through 150 m in the future with carefully summarized experience, elaborate design and meticulous construction.