Combining the latest domestic and international research results with related engineering cases, the updated research progress on the vibration inversion and safety control index of discharge structures were reviewed from the aspects of dynamic inversion of material parameters, vibration source identification and vibration safety control index of flood discharge structures. The key issues of vibration safety for current flood discharge structures were summarized. It is pointed out that the future research on vibration inversion and safety control index of flood discharge structures should be focused on the innovation of the mathematical model of material parameter inversion and corresponding solving algorithms, the time-domain identification of vibration source load and equivalent load processing, the vibration fatigue safety control standards and comprehensive assessment methods of human comfort.