Based on the themes of World Water Day and China Water Week over the years and their changing hot spots, the development and changes of water resources in the natural environment and human social life were summarized. The role of water resources in the sustainable development of modern society was analyzed and the scientific development of water resources was shown. The current global water resources management and protection measures was discussed. The themes of World Water Day shows a trend changing from humans start to the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and the themes of China Water Week are always related to government macro water resources policy. During the development of World Water Day and China Water Week, the ecological idea of harmonious coexistence between human and water resource is displayed gradually, and it shows that the idea of living in harmony with nature around the world enjoys popular support.