To explore the freeze-thaw properties of aeolian sand improved by cement and silt, a series of freeze-thaw cycle tests were carried out on aeolian sands improved by 5% content of cement mixed with different contents of silt soils. The strength attenuation and mass-volume variation rules of the modified aeolian sands were studied. The results show that the compressive strength and peak strain of the improved aeolian sand are positively correlated with silt content after two freeze-thaw cycles. With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the resistance to compression and deformation of modified aeolian sands decrease obviously. The aeolian sand improved by 15% content of silt soils has the most stable structure. In addition, with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the volume change rates of modified aeolian sands with single cement mixture and silt cement mixture both present a decreasing tendency. The sample treated with 5% cement and 15% silt shows the lowest decreasing amplitude, and the mass loss rate of the sample improved with 5% cement increases linearly. The coefficient of strength attenuation can directly and effectively reflect the strength change rule of the improved aeolian sands after freeze-thaw cycles.