Accelerated dissolution tests were conducted for concrete specimens with pouring layer interface using nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L. The evolution laws of three leaching evaluation indexes, which were the splitting tensile strength, leaching depth and cumulative relative leached calcium, and the effects of interval time and layer roughening on the leaching process were studied. Two prediction models were then established for the splitting tensile strength of the layer interface. The research results show that the splitting tensile strength has linear relationships with the square root of leaching duration and the cumulative relative leached calcium. The interval time and layer roughening mainly affect the initial value of strength and have little effect on the linear slopes. The leaching degree of layer interface increases with the interval time, in which the leaching depth of layer interface increases by 15% when the interval time comes up to 24 h. The reinforcement effect of layer roughening on leaching resistance decreases with the interval time, and 6 h is the optimum interval time. When the interval time is less than 12 h, the splitting tensile strength of layer interface decreases fast, and the decrease rate is 14.6% within 12 h, which can reduce the leaching resistance service life of the concrete layer interface by 61%.